Disease relevance of [6-diethylamino-9-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2,7-dimethyl-xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethyl-azanium

• By double immunofluorescent staining with different colors of fluorochromes, antidengue antibody with fluorescein isothiocyanate and antihuman gamma -globulin or antihuman beta1C/a-globulin with lissamine rhodamine B on the same lymphocytes revealed dengue antigen appearing only on B lymphocytes [1].
• Most significantly, when Lissamine rhodamine-labeled MG11 peptide is injected intratumorally, it targets specifically to glioma xenografts instead of non-glioma-derived xenografts [2].
• Immunoliposomes, anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibody-tagged liposomes, encapsulating a visible dye, sulforhodamine B, were used in the present study for the development of a field-portable colorimetric immunoassay to detect E. coli O157:H7 [3].
• In a rabbit model of herpetic epithelial keratitis, rose bengal significantly reduced viral replication and recovery, whereas sulforhodamine B and lissamine green B had no effect [4].
• A direct neutralization assay showed that 0.06% lissamine green B or 0.5% sulforhodamine B reduced HSV-1 plaque formation in Vero cells by greater than 50%, when present at the time of viral adsorption [4].

High impact information on [6-diethylamino-9-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2,7-dimethyl-xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethyl-azanium

• METHODS: The antitumor activity of 17AAG and other Hsp90 inhibitors was determined by use of a sulforhodamine B-based cell growth inhibition assay in culture and by the arrest of xenograft tumor growth in nude mice [5].
• A colorimetric assay based on sulforhodamine B was adopted to replace the more cumbersome clonogenic cell survival assay [6].
• The SRB binds to the basic amino acids of cellular macromolecules; the solubilized stain is measured spectrophotometrically to determine relative cell growth or viability in treated and untreated cells [7].
• However, because of certain technical advantages to use of the protein-binding dye sulforhodamine B (SRB) in a large-scale screening application, a detailed comparison of data generated by each type of assay was undertaken [8].
• When fluorescence images of the two actins were compared using filter sets selective for either fluorescein isothiocyanate or lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl chloride, essentially identical patterns of distribution were detected in both muscle and nonmuscle cells [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of [6-diethylamino-9-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2,7-dimethyl-xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethyl-azanium

• Finally, the effect of sulforhodamine B and lissamine green B on viral replication was compared in vivo with that of rose bengal in a rabbit model of herpetic epithelial keratitis [4].
• Furthermore, the influence of SP analogs and of the NK-1R antagonist MEN 11467 on pancreatic cancer cell growth was analyzed by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay [10].
• The effects of the LHRH agonist leuproreline and LHRH antagonist antide were studied on the cell growth, DNA synthesis, and cell cycle distribution of the human endometrial cancer cell lines HEC-1A and HEC-1B by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) method, [3H]thymidine assay incorporation, and propidium iodide DNA staining, respectively [11].
• In this study, the sulforhodamine B assays showed that ilimaquinone induced a concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effect in several types of cancer cell lines, including prostate cancer PC-3 and LNCaP, non-small cell lung cancer A549 and hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells [12].
• The in vitro cytotoxicity of paclitaxel and cisplatin, alone and in combination, was evaluated against the established human melanoma cell line, G361, with either 1 or 24 h asynchronous paclitaxel exposure using the sulforhodamine B assay [13].

Biological context of [6-diethylamino-9-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2,7-dimethyl-xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethyl-azanium

• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Several long-term and short-term in vitro assays (clonogenic survival, sulforhodamine B cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis) were used to assess the cytotoxic effect of perifosine in combination with radiation [14].
• Cytotoxic activity was evaluated by the sulforhodamine B assay, potential clinical activity was estimated by relative antitumor activity, and the type of drug interaction was assessed using the method of Chou and Talalay [15].
• IC50 values were determined by the sulforhodamine B assay, activity was evaluated by the relative antitumor activity (RAA) and drug interaction assessed by isobologram analysis [16].
• SarCNU cytotoxicity was determined by the sulforhodamine B colorimetric anti-cancer-drug screening assay and correlated with gene expression [17].
• The validity of this technique was established by determining the relationship between the distance of separation of lissamine rhodamine B labeled phosphatidylethanolamine (N-Rho-PE) acceptor lipid and NBD-labeled donor lipid and energy transfer efficiency [18].

Anatomical context of [6-diethylamino-9-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2,7-dimethyl-xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethyl-azanium

• In this in vitro system, lissamine rhodamine-labeled actin bound to attachment plaques, ruffles, cleavage furrows and stress fibers, and the binding could not be blocked by prior exposure to unlabeled actin [19].
• Our study was performed on BRC-230 and MCF-7 cell lines, and cytotoxic activity was evaluated by the sulforhodamine B assay and the type of drug interaction by Drewinko's test [20].
• 1. The permeability response to acutely applied bradykinin and [des-Arg9]-bradykinin on single cerebral venular capillaries has been investigated using the low molecular mass fluorescent dyes Lucifer Yellow and Sulforhodamine B with the single vessel occlusion technique [21].
• Lissamine green B stains membrane-damaged epithelial cells, but sulforhodamine B does not [4].
• Addition of the fluorescent dye sulforhodamine B to the extracellular space enabled the T-tubular system to be visualized [22].

Associations of [6-diethylamino-9-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2,7-dimethyl-xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethyl-azanium with other chemical compounds

• In a novel application of two-photon scanning fluorescence microscopy, three-dimensional spatial distributions of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fluorescent probes, sulforhodamine B and rhodamine B hexyl ester, in excised full-thickness human cadaver skin were visualized and quantified [23].
• In this colorimetric immunoassay for digoxin, large, unilamellar phospholipid vesicles approximately 0.2 micron in diameter are loaded with high concentrations of Sulforhodamine B [24].
• Immersion of acini in a solution containing a fluorescent polar tracer, sulforhodamine B (SRB), revealed that fluid secretion, detected as a rapid disappearance of SRB fluorescence from the extracellular space, occurred exclusively in the luminal region and was accompanied by a reduction in acinar cell volume [25].
• Purified chicken gizzard talin was covalently labeled with the fluorescent dye lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl chloride [26].
• Confocal optical sections of physiologically identified, sulforhodamine B-stained cells displayed the localization of glycine and GABAA receptor subunit labeling dispersed over the stained dendrites [27].

Gene context of [6-diethylamino-9-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2,7-dimethyl-xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethyl-azanium

• METHODS AND MATERIALS: Cytotoxicity of hyperthermia and/or etoposide was evaluated using sulforhodamine-B in HeLa cells overexpressing MRP1 and their drug-sensitive counterparts [28].
• Results from the sulforhodamine B cell survival assay and flow cytometry analysis show no significant difference among cells transfected with vector, p33ING1, and antisense p33ING1 [29].
• Based on sulforhodamine B assays for the number of viable cells, the NQO1 clones showed increased sensitivity to EO9, an indoloquinone that undergoes bioactive reduction by NQO1 [30].
• In this study, we investigated the estrogenic activity of environmental estrogens by a competition binding assay using a human recombinant estrogens receptor (hERbeta) and by a proliferation assay using MCF-7 cells and a sulforhodamine-B assay [31].
• Lym-1-gelonin was very active in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium salt and sulforhodamine B in vitro cytotoxicity assays against the Raji lymphoma cell line and confirmed the fact that monoclonal antibody Lym-1 internalizes into human lymphoma cells [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of [6-diethylamino-9-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2,7-dimethyl-xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethyl-azanium

• End-point determinations of the cell viability or cell growth are performed by in situ fixation of cells, followed by staining with a protein-binding dye, sulforhodamine B (SRB) [7].
• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Cytotoxic activity was evaluated by sulforhodamine B assay, cell cycle perturbations and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry, and thymidylate synthase expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical method [33].
• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Immunoblotting was used to estimate levels of Apaf-1 as well as procaspase-2, -3, -6, -7, -8, and -9 in the 60-cell-line panel used for drug screening by the National Cancer Institute. Sensitivity of the same lines to >80,000 compounds was determined with 48-hour sulforhodamine B binding assays [34].
• METHODS: In vitro cell viability (cytotoxicity), DNA fragmentation, and changes in the expression of bcl(2) and TGFbeta(1) proteins were assessed using the sulforhodamine B protein dye-binding assay, specific ELISA, and competitive inhibition assays [35].
• METHODS: The mixed inhibition of cell signaling and DNA damage by FD137 were determined by Western blotting, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, sulforhodamine B (SRB), and comet assay [36].

References