Disease relevance of SK 591

• Neonates exposed to pyriproxyfen in acute toxicity trials produced 48-hr LC50 of 0.08 ppm, eight times the concentration known to control the emergence of nuisance chironomids [1].
• Efficacy of a collar impregnated with amitraz and pyriproxyfen for prevention of experimental tick infestations by Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes ricinus, and Ixodes scapularis in dogs [2].
• Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and pyriproxyfen produced LC50 values of 60.9 x 10(6) ITU (176 times the EFC) and 0.098 ppm (12.25 times the EFC), respectively [3].
• Laboratory and field evaluation of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen (Sumilarv 0.5G) against dengue vectors [4].
• A study was designed to measure the prevention of the sand fly attack by spraying a combination of permethrin and pyriproxyfen on dogs artificially exposed to the vector of leishmaniasis [5].

Psychiatry related information on SK 591

• Exposure of males to 20 micrograms S31183 did not impair their ability to inseminate females; transfer of material during copulation was sufficient to prevent the production of viable offspring by their mates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[6]
• Three laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the competitive outcomes between S. invicta pitted against L. humile: 1) agonistic behavior of workers in small arenas, 2) colony interactions with different population ratios, and 3) the effects of pyriproxyfen on the competitiveness of S. invicta against L. humile [7].
• Only 11.2% of pyriproxyfen treated, emergent females (n = 32), and 11.5% of treated emergent males (n = 25) from 285 ticks treated as engorged nymphs, exhibited normal physical appearance and possessed a full range of locomotor activity [8].

High impact information on SK 591

• JH agonists, pyriproxyfen and fenoxycarb, strongly repressed the expression of VTG genes in neonate daphnids [9].
• A liquid chromatographic method, with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS), has been developed for determining acrinathrin, carbosulfan, cyproconazole, lambda-cyhalothrin, kresoxim methyl, pyrifenox, pyriproxyfen, propanil, and tebufenpyrad in fruits [10].
• Evaluation of a spray of permethrin and pyriproxyfen for the protection of dogs against Phlebotomus perniciosus [11].
• The electrophilic reaction indices obtained by AM1 molecular orbital calculations supposing involvement of cytochrome P-450 were successfully applied to evaluate the potentially higher reactive sites in pyriproxyfen [12].
• Most of the radioactivity remained on the fruit surface or in the plant tissues as intact pyriproxyfen with minor metabolites formed via hydroxylation at the 4'-position of the phenoxy ring or cleavage of ether linkages [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of SK 591

• Acute toxicity studies with 2 organophosphorus pesticides (pirimiphos-methyl and temephos) and 3 alternate compounds under evaluation for registration in Australia (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, s-methoprene, and pyriproxyfen), were tested in 96-h laboratory trials [13].
• Inter-regional differences in baseline toxicity of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to the two insect growth regulators, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen [14].

Biological context of SK 591

• The use of S-31183 for treating wastewater lagoons at doses which are effective for mosquito control did not result in any apparent problems of environmental incompatibility [15].
• In contrast, pyriproxyfen (PYR) and tebufenozide (TEB) did not affect fecundity and egg fertility [16].
• The above results are of special interest, indicating a possible alternation between novaluron, pyriproxyfen, and neonicotinoids in insecticide-resistance management programs aiming at preventing resistance development to these novel groups of insecticides against important pests such as whitefly and lepidopteran species [17].
• However, continuous exposure to pyriproxyfen (0.01 ppm) during a 3-brood, 14-day life cycle test, suppressed the growth of D.carinata and reduced reproduction by as much as 80% [1].
• Some variation of results could be due to interactions between females at the oviposition site, possibly causing disproportionate transfer of pyriproxyfen to larval microcosms [18].

Anatomical context of SK 591

• Furthermore, it suggests that the fat body must be as important as the gut for the metabolism of pyriproxyfen in resistant housefly larvae [19].
• Its temporary appearance in the hemolymph of last instar larvae, its subunit composition (M(r) approximately 82,000) and its suppression by pyriproxyfen suggests that this protein is a storage protein as well [20].
• In vitro metabolism of pyriproxyfen by microsomes from susceptible and resistant housefly larvae [19].
• In addition to these toxic effects on adults, pyriproxyfen also induced formation of large autophagic vacuoles in maturing oocytes leading to partial reabsorption of yolk, degeneration of the nucleus, and lysis of the follicular epithelium [21].

Associations of SK 591 with other chemical compounds

• These assays displayed no significant interferences with photodegradation products of fenoxycarb, the IGRs methoprene and pyriproxyfen, and a variety of pesticides including the pyrethroids fenvalerate and cypermethryn, the phenoxyacetic acid herbicide 2,4-D, DDT, and the nitrodiphenyl ether herbicides acifluorfen and fluorodifen [22].
• Laboratory and field comparisons of pyriproxyfen, polystyrene beads and other larvicidal methods against malaria vectors in Sri Lanka [23].
• DFB and PYR concentration reached a peak in the eggs deposited at the fourth and second day after treatment, respectively [16].
• As was the case with buprofezin, a decline in LC50s to pyriproxyfen was observed in whiteflies from all locations sampled in 1999 [14].
• Separate black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus (Ord), towns on the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, were treated with technical pyriproxyfen (Nylar) spray, powder, and oral bait [24].

Gene context of SK 591

• This study confirmed that microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases play an important role in the pyriproxyfen resistance of the housefly [19].
• In vitro metabolism studies of pyriproxyfen indicated that the metabolic rates were much higher in both the gut and fat body of YPPF larvae than of YS and SRS larvae [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SK 591

• Light and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that treatment with pyriproxyfen produced a visible decrease in the amount of tergal gland tissue present, a deformation of the overall shape of the gland located on tergite seven, and a less orderly arrangement of the secretory cells in the tissue [25].
• The field bioassays indicated that a single treatment of pyriproxyfen effectively inhibited the emergence of adult mosquitoes in the riverbed pools for a period of 190 days [26].
• The mean number of eggs retained in the pyriproxyfen group was higher (70.3) than in the control group (41.6) [27].

References