Disease relevance of Arih2_predicted

• When the injections of NMU were started in weanling male rats, a specific triad of neoplasms developed that consisted of mammary carcinoma, primary myelocytic leukemia, and ear duct cancer [1].
• Feeding 1% deoxycholic acid increased serum bile acid concentrations (cholestasis), produced portal triad inflammation, bile duct proliferation, and severe hepatocyte necrosis with nuclear pleomorphism [2].
• We suggest that increased leptin may serve as a link in the triad of obesity and hyperinsulinism and hypertension [3].
• The triad of stiff-man syndrome, breast cancer, and autoantibodies against amphiphysin identifies a new autoimmune paraneoplastic syndrome of the CNS [4].
• Ischemia was induced in Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g by clamping the portal triad [5].

High impact information on Arih2_predicted

• More interestingly, it also reveals the substitution of an Asp residue always found in the serine protease active site triad (Asp, His, Ser) by a Leu residue [6].
• The role of the aspartic acid residue in the serine protease catalytic triad Asp, His, and Ser has been tested by replacing Asp102 of trypsin with Asn by site-directed mutagenesis [7].
• By demonstrating the importance of the aspartate residue in catalysis, especially at physiological pH, these experiments provide a rationalization for the evolutionary conservation of the catalytic triad [7].
• All three proteins were concentrated in the triad junction formed between the T-tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum [8].
• The discovery of islet-cell-stimulating antibodies (ICSTA) completes for the islet the triad of autoantibodies (anticytoplasmic, antiproduct, and antireceptor) previously described in autoimmune thyroid disease [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Arih2_predicted

• In rats, RTX (2 ng-5 micrograms/kg i.v.) failed to elicit the full reflex triad (apnea, systemic hypotension and bradycardia); RTX did, however, desensitize the pulmonary chemosensitive receptors to capsaicin and phenyldiguanide [10].
• These results suggest that the ammonia, hypochlorous acid, and monochloramine triad may be important in Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastric mucosal damage [11].
• Following exposure to most of the stressors, a marked increase of plasma corticosterone was noted, with a lowered rectal temperature and the appearance of the typical stress triad (adrenal hypertrophy, thymicolymphatic involution and gastrointestinal ulcers) [12].
• This triad of lesions (hyaline droplet accumulation, granular cast formation and chronic nephrosis) lends specificity to the decalin response and establishes a potential mechanistic relationship with other chemicals that induce these effects [13].
• In Western society, the triad of hypertension, metabolic syndrome and obesity (which caries a high risk for renal disease) is increasing, as is the intake of caffeine [14].

Biological context of Arih2_predicted

• Mutagenesis of each of the triad residues in FAAH has been shown to severely reduce amidase activity; however, how these residues contribute, both individually and in cooperation, to catalysis remains unclear [15].
• We have shown that serine 16 is essential for signal transduction and thus have identified it to be the third residue in glucagon to participate in a putative catalytic triad together with aspartic 9 and histidine 1, in the transduction of the glucagon response [16].
• Different from most other catalytic triads that catalyse the hydrolysis of an amide or ester bond, the catalytic triad in the active site of PTPS seems to be involved in the deprotonation of the substrate's side-chain carbons [17].
• Structural analysis of muscle development: transverse tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the triad [18].
• Repeat 2 is equipped with the triad, but not the other repeats, accounting for why only repeat 2 is the catalytic domain [19].

Anatomical context of Arih2_predicted

• Muscular dysgenesis (mdg/mdg), a mutation of the skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) alpha 1 subunit, has served as a model to study the functions of the DHPR in excitation-contraction coupling and its role in triad formation [20].
• We have investigated the question of whether the lack of the DHPR in dysgenic skeletal muscle results in a failure of triad formation, using cell lines (GLT and NLT) derived from dysgenic (mdg/mdg) and normal (+/+) muscle, respectively [20].
• This mRNA is distributed in a striking spatial gradient extending from hepatocytes surrounding the portal triad (high expression) to those surrounding the central vein (low to absent expression) [21].
• These included a triad of cell groups making up the lamina terminalis of the third ventricle, and, to a lesser extent, catecholaminergic cell groups in the caudal brain stem [22].
• To examine regulatory mechanisms of postischemic hepatic microcirculation, we studied the sinusoidal blood flow after portal triad clamping of rat livers for 5, 15, or 30 min [23].

Associations of Arih2_predicted with chemical compounds

• The results implicate Glu327 as part of a catalytic triad in fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase and suggest that it influences the protonation state of the active site histidine residues during phosphoenzyme formation and/or acts as a base catalyst to enhance the nucleophilic attack of water on the phosphoenzyme intermediate [24].
• In ammonia-specific CPSs, such as those of rat or human, the catalytic inactivity of the GAT domain can be rationalized by the substitution of the Triad cysteine residue by serine (1) [25].
• The ammonia-specific CPS of Rana catesbeiana (fCPS) presents an interesting anomaly in that, despite its retention of the entire catalytic triad (2) and almost all other residues conserved in Triad GATs, it is unable to utilize glutamine as a nitrogen-donating substrate (3) [25].
• The characteristic Ile-Ile-Gly-Gly amino acids of the NH2 terminus and the His, Asp, and Ser residues that form the catalytic triad of serine proteases were both conserved [26].
• With the use of spectrophotometry and intravital microscopy we studied the role of xanthine oxidase and superoxide radicals in portal triad crossclamping-induced microvascular injury in rats [27].

Other interactions of Arih2_predicted

• Identification of an essential serine residue in glucagon: implication for an active site triad [28].
• Evidence for distinct roles in catalysis for residues of the serine-serine-lysine catalytic triad of fatty acid amide hydrolase [15].
• The results of this study strongly suggested that histidine 435 may be a component of the catalytic triad of pancreatic cholesterol esterase [29].
• On the other hand, AD-ST is evident in the hepatocytes proximal to the portal triad in males, while in females it is synthesized and localized in all the hepatocytes [30].
• The amino acid sequence deduced from a full-length cDNA revealed that transmembrane serine protease-1 (TMSP-1) is a member of the clan SA/family S1 of serine proteases, comprising a 30 amino acid prepropeptide, a mature form sequence of 274 amino acids starting with the Ile-Val-Gly-Gly-Gln motif, and a common catalytic triad of serine proteases [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Arih2_predicted

• Xanthine oxidase and superoxide radicals in portal triad crossclamping-induced microvascular reperfusion injury of the liver [27].
• Electron microscopy revealed distorted or severed triad junctions and Z-line aberrations in uncoupled fibres [32].
• Immediately after cessation of the last session of cocaine self-administration (day 0) and 1-, 5-, and 10-day after the second extinction period, animal brains in each triad were removed to be processed for in situ hybridization [33].
• The clinical triad of diarrhea, diffuse dermatitis, and hypertrophy of the lymphoid organs followed by their atrophy suggests a diagnosis of GVH disease rather than rejection of the small-bowel allograft [34].
• At 3 and 50 days, triad- and individually housed rats were injected with SNC-80 (35 mg/kg i.p.) or saline, and evaluated using a test battery consisting of open field behaviors, rectal temperature, analgesia, and air-puff-induced ultrasonic vocalizations [35].

References