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ACSS2  -  acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family...

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: ACAS2, ACECS, ACS, ACSA, AceCS, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of ACSS2

  • The crystal structures of the Salmonella enterica ACS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ACS1 have allowed a directed approach to investigating substrate binding and catalysis in ACS [1].
  • METHODS AND RESULTS: We explored the relationship between patient sex, GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor use, dose, and bleeding in 32 601 patients with NSTE ACS across 400 CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines) hospitals, of whom 18 436 were treated [2].
  • Here, we report 21-bp insertions and nonsense mutations of the TWIST gene (S127X, E130X) in seven ACS III probands and describe impairment of head mesenchyme induction by TWIST as a novel pathophysiological mechanism in human craniosynostoses [3].
  • Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (acrocephalo-syndactyly type III, ACS III) is an autosomal dominant craniosynostosis with brachydactyly, soft tissue syndactyly and facial dysmorphism including ptosis, facial asymmetry and prominent ear crura [3].
  • ACS sets blueprint for action against prostate cancer in African Americans. American Cancer Society [4].
 

Psychiatry related information on ACSS2

 

High impact information on ACSS2

  • Dr. Seffrin, Chief Executive Officer of the American Cancer Society, outlines the critical public health measures that the ACS is working to see included in comprehensive federal tobacco control legislation [7].
  • ACS III has been mapped to chromosome 7p21-22 [3].
  • Next, the way in which cells regulate AMP-ACS activity through reversible acetylation is described [8].
  • Bacterial acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthetase (AceCS), an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that converts acetate to acetyl-CoA, is activated by sirtuin-mediated deacetylation [9].
  • Because the activity of a bacterial ortholog of AceCS2, called ACS, is controlled via deacetylation by a bacterial sirtuin protein, our observation highlights the conservation of a metabolic regulatory pathway from bacteria to humans [10].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of ACSS2

 

Biological context of ACSS2

  • Modeling of the Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Z245 ACS (MT-ACS1) on the S. cerevisiae ACS structure showed similar active site architecture, and alignment of the amino acid sequences of proven ACSs indicates that the four residues that compose the putative acetate binding pocket are well conserved [1].
  • Site-specific acetylation of mouse AceCS1 on Lys-661 was identified by using mass spectrometry and a specific anti-acetyl-AceCS antibody [16].
  • CoFeSP acts in two methylation reactions: the transfer of a methyl group from methyltransferase (MeTr)-bound methyltetrahydrofolate to the cob(I)amide of CoFeSP and the transfer of the methyl group of methyl-cob(III)amide to the reduced Ni-Ni-[4Fe-4S] active site cluster A of acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS) [17].
  • Now, as result of molecular evidence implicating two separate ligand-gated calcium channels in ACS-induced apoptosis, interest in the role of calcium is sure to be renewed [18].
  • The major challenge lies in determining the signal transduction pathway through which ACS-induced calcium fluxes mediate apoptosis [18].
 

Anatomical context of ACSS2

 

Associations of ACSS2 with chemical compounds

  • AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase [ACS; acetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.2.1.1] catalyzes the activation of acetate to acetyl-CoA in a two-step reaction [1].
  • Characterization of the Acyl Substrate Binding Pocket of Acetyl-CoA Synthetase [1].
  • In the S. enterica ACS structure, the propyl group of adenosine 5'-propylphosphate, which mimics the acyl-adenylate intermediate, lies in a hydrophobic pocket [1].
  • CONCLUSIONS: Despite guideline recommendations, the overwhelming majority of NSTE ACS patients treated with acute clopidogrel needing CABG have their surgery within < or =5 days of treatment [19].
  • BACKGROUND: Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors are beneficial in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS); their safe use in women, however, remains a concern [2].
 

Other interactions of ACSS2

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ACSS2

  • CONCLUSIONS: Although hispanics have a different risk factor profile and are treated less aggressively during hospitalization when they present with NSTE ACS, these treatment differences do not appear to affect inhospital outcomes [28].
  • ACS keeps mammography guidelines for women under 50 [29].
  • METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated 11 stented coronary arteries (9 Palmaz-Schatz stents, 1 Wiktor stent, and 1 ACS Multi-Link stent) obtained from 11 patients who had died 2 days to 21 months after stenting [30].
  • CONCLUSION: This study showed that in patients with NSTE ACS, triple antiplatelet pre-treatment was associated with a non-significant reduction in enzymatic infarct size, a significantly better initial perfusion of the culprit vessel, and a trend towards a better survival without death or MI [31].
  • AIMS: To compare dual vs. triple antiplatelet pre-treatment in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS) who were planned for early catheterization [31].

References

  1. Characterization of the Acyl Substrate Binding Pocket of Acetyl-CoA Synthetase. Ingram-Smith, C., Woods, B.I., Smith, K.S. Biochemistry (2006) [Pubmed]
  2. Sex differences in major bleeding with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors: results from the CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines) initiative. Alexander, K.P., Chen, A.Y., Newby, L.K., Schwartz, J.B., Redberg, R.F., Hochman, J.S., Roe, M.T., Gibler, W.B., Ohman, E.M., Peterson, E.D. Circulation (2006) [Pubmed]
  3. Mutations of the TWIST gene in the Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. el Ghouzzi, V., Le Merrer, M., Perrin-Schmitt, F., Lajeunie, E., Benit, P., Renier, D., Bourgeois, P., Bolcato-Bellemin, A.L., Munnich, A., Bonaventure, J. Nat. Genet. (1997) [Pubmed]
  4. ACS sets blueprint for action against prostate cancer in African Americans. American Cancer Society. Marwick, C. JAMA (1998) [Pubmed]
  5. Pitfalls in the emergency department diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Ghaemmaghami, C.A., Brady, W.J. Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. (2001) [Pubmed]
  6. Patterns of breast cancer screening among lesbians at increased risk for breast cancer. Burnett, C.B., Steakley, C.S., Slack, R., Roth, J., Lerman, C. Women & health. (1999) [Pubmed]
  7. The politics of addiction: status of the tobacco settlement. Seffrin, J.R. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. (1998) [Pubmed]
  8. The acetate switch. Wolfe, A.J. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. (2005) [Pubmed]
  9. Sirtuins: a conserved key unlocking AceCS activity. North, B.J., Sinclair, D.A. Trends Biochem. Sci. (2007) [Pubmed]
  10. Reversible lysine acetylation controls the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase 2. Schwer, B., Bunkenborg, J., Verdin, R.O., Andersen, J.S., Verdin, E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2006) [Pubmed]
  11. Impaired expression of acyl-CoA synthetase 5 in sporadic colorectal adenocarcinomas. Gassler, N., Herr, I., Schneider, A., Penzel, R., Langbein, L., Schirmacher, P., Kopitz, J. J. Pathol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  12. Channeling of carbon monoxide during anaerobic carbon dioxide fixation. Seravalli, J., Ragsdale, S.W. Biochemistry (2000) [Pubmed]
  13. Clinical and technical evaluation of ACS BR serum assay of MUC1 gene-derived glycoprotein in breast cancer, and comparison with CA 15-3 assays. Bon, G.G., von Mensdorff-Pouilly, S., Kenemans, P., van Kamp, G.J., Verstraeten, R.A., Hilgers, J., Meijer, S., Vermorken, J.B. Clin. Chem. (1997) [Pubmed]
  14. The expanded horizon for microbial metabolites--a review. Omura, S. Gene (1992) [Pubmed]
  15. NCCN and ACS collaborate on a patient's version of the NCCN practice guidelines for breast cancer. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. American Cancer Society. Rose, V.L. American family physician. (1999) [Pubmed]
  16. Sirtuins deacetylate and activate mammalian acetyl-CoA synthetases. Hallows, W.C., Lee, S., Denu, J.M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2006) [Pubmed]
  17. Structural insights into methyltransfer reactions of a corrinoid iron-sulfur protein involved in acetyl-CoA synthesis. Svetlitchnaia, T., Svetlitchnyi, V., Meyer, O., Dobbek, H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2006) [Pubmed]
  18. Role of calcium in glucocorticosteroid-induced apoptosis of thymocytes and lymphoma cells: resurrection of old theories by new findings. Distelhorst, C.W., Dubyak, G. Blood (1998) [Pubmed]
  19. Acute clopidogrel use and outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Mehta, R.H., Roe, M.T., Mulgund, J., Ohman, E.M., Cannon, C.P., Gibler, W.B., Pollack, C.V., Smith, S.C., Ferguson, T.B., Peterson, E.D. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  20. Tissue-specific and hormonally controlled alternative promoters regulate aromatase cytochrome P450 gene expression in human adipose tissue. Mahendroo, M.S., Mendelson, C.R., Simpson, E.R. J. Biol. Chem. (1993) [Pubmed]
  21. Subcellular localization and ionic properties of acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase in the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. Morot-Gaudry, Y., Diebler, M.F. Biochem. J. (1979) [Pubmed]
  22. Biosynthesis of acetyl-coenzyme A in the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata in relation to acetylcholine metabolism. Diebler, M.F., Morot-Gaudry, Y. Biochem. J. (1977) [Pubmed]
  23. An acetyl-CoA synthetase not encoded by the facA gene is expressed under carbon starvation in Phycomyces blakesleeanus. De Cima, S., Rúa, J., Perdiguero, E., del Valle, P., Busto, F., Baroja-Mazo, A., de Arriaga, D. Res. Microbiol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  24. Hepatitis C virus RNA replication is regulated by host geranylgeranylation and fatty acids. Kapadia, S.B., Chisari, F.V. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2005) [Pubmed]
  25. Changes in the activities of various lipid and carbohydrate biosynthetic enzymes in the diatom Cyclotella cryptica in response to silicon deficiency. Roessler, P.G. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1988) [Pubmed]
  26. A preparation and purification of [1-14C]acetylcarnitine. Roughan, G., Browse, J. Anal. Biochem. (1992) [Pubmed]
  27. Differential gene expression in response to ventricular unloading in rat and human myocardium. Doenst, T., Bugger, H., Leippert, S., Barleon, B., Marme, D., Beyersdorf, F. The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon. (2006) [Pubmed]
  28. Clinical characteristics, process of care, and outcomes of Hispanic patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: results from Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE). Cohen, M.G., Roe, M.T., Mulgund, J., Peterson, E.D., Sonel, A.F., Menon, V., Smith, S.C., Saucedo, J.F., Lytle, B.L., Pollack, C.V., Garza, L., Gibler, W.B., Ohman, E.M. Am. Heart J. (2006) [Pubmed]
  29. ACS keeps mammography guidelines for women under 50. Jenks, S. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1993) [Pubmed]
  30. Neointimal tissue response at sites of coronary stenting in humans: macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Komatsu, R., Ueda, M., Naruko, T., Kojima, A., Becker, A.E. Circulation (1998) [Pubmed]
  31. A comparison of dual vs. triple antiplatelet therapy in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: results of the ELISA-2 trial. Rasoul, S., Ottervanger, J.P., de Boer, M.J., Miedema, K., Hoorntje, J.C., Gosselink, M., Zijlstra, F., Suryapranata, H., Dambrink, J.H., van 't Hof, A.W. Eur. Heart J. (2006) [Pubmed]
 
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