Disease relevance of RPL22

• EAP, a highly conserved cellular protein associated with Epstein-Barr virus small RNAs (EBERs) [1].
• An AML1/EAP fusion transcript, different from the one described in a therapy-related myelodysplasia, was detected in both CML-BC cases [2].
• Our findings demonstrate that this EAP regimen is modestly active but is associated with substantial toxicity [3].
• Functional interaction and colocalization of the herpes simplex virus 1 major regulatory protein ICP4 with EAP, a nucleolar-ribosomal protein [4].
• EAP in advanced gastric cancer [5].

Psychiatry related information on RPL22

• Plasma concentrations of endothelium-associated proteins (EAP) (plasma fibronectin (PFN), angiotensin-converting enzyme, factor VIII-related antigen (F VIII-R:Ag)) and tissue plasminogen activator and serum thyroid hormone concentrations were studied in nine patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), before and after weight gain [6].
• Psychological characteristics of adolescents with risk factors of cardiovascular disease (elevated arterial pressure - EAP - and smoking) were examined in Moscow secondary school pupils aged 12-14 years, using an abridged variant of the psychodiagnostic MMPI questionnaire [7].

High impact information on RPL22

• The predicted amino acid sequence of EAP shows a strong resemblance (77% identity) to an endodermal, developmentally regulated sea urchin protein called 217 (Dolecki et al., 1988) [1].
• We have devised a purification procedure for EAP and have cloned its cDNA from a human placental cDNA library using amino acid sequence data and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [1].
• EAP (Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small nuclear RNA-associated protein) binds to small nonpolyadenylylated nuclear RNAs and is found in nucleoli and in ribosomes, where it is also known as L22 [4].
• We report that EAP interacts with a domain of ICP4 that is known to bind viral DNA response elements and transcriptional factors [4].
• The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) small RNA EBER1 binds and relocalizes ribosomal protein L22 in EBV-infected human B lymphocytes [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of RPL22

• Thirty-four patients with locally advanced, nonresectable gastric cancer (staged by laparotomy) received etoposide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and cisplatin (EAP) [9].
• EAP (etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin), a chemotherapeutic combination given over 8 days, proposed by German investigators in cancer of the stomach, has been considered to be too toxic by others [10].
• The recent successes being achieved with combination chemotherapy regimens, such as FAMTX (fluorouracil [5-FU], doxorubicin, methotrexate), EAP (etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin), and ELF (etoposide, leucovorin, 5-FU), strongly indicate that gastric cancer is chemosensitive [11].
• The FEP combination is as active (OR: 34%) in the treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer as the EAP regimen, although it leads to fewer complete remissions [12].
• In randomized studies, EAP demonstrated no difference in activity but a significantly higher overall toxicity and toxic death rate than FAMTX, and the ECF (epirubicin, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil) regimen gave a survival and response advantage, tolerable toxicity, better quality of life and was more cost-effective than FAMTX [13].

Biological context of RPL22

• The fusion does not maintain the correct reading frame of EAP and may not lead to a functional chimeric protein [14].
• In the t(3;21) AML1 was found rearranged with EAP, a gene on chromosome 3 encoding a small ribosomal protein, as well as with EV11, another gene on chromosome 3 [2].
• The nuclear import of rpL22 depends on a classical nuclear localization signal of four lysines at positions 13-16 [15].
• Cloning and characterization of ELL-associated proteins EAP45 and EAP20. a role for yeast EAP-like proteins in regulation of gene expression by glucose [16].
• The soybean chloroplast genome: complete sequence of the rps19 gene, including flanking parts containing exon 2 of rpl2 (upstream), but rpl22 (downstream) [17].

Anatomical context of RPL22

• Once it reaches the nucleolus, the question of whether rpL22 is assembled into the ribosome depends upon the presence of the N-domain [15].
• Precursors of the lipid portion of LPS (lipid X and lipid Y), LPS isolated by trichloroacetic acid extraction, and endotoxin-associated protein (EAP) increased C3 and factor B synthesis in cord blood monocytes [18].
• The present studies demonstrate that EAP also exerts potent granulopoietic colony-stimulating activity (CSA) on human peripheral blood and bone marrow progenitor cells, comparable to that seen with various types of conditioned media [19].
• Colony-stimulating activity, induced by EAP on circulating and bone marrow progenitor cells, was found to be partially mediated by T cells and augmented by interleukin-3 [20].
• The CSA of EAP could be demonstrated in human peripheral blood and bone marrow leukocytes rigorously depleted of monocytes, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes by treatment with specific monoclonal antibodies and complement [19].

Associations of RPL22 with chemical compounds

• In this phase II multicenter trial, 67 evaluable patients with advanced measurable gastric carcinoma were treated with a combination of etoposide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and cisplatin (EAP) [21].
• Inhibitors of the lipoxygenase pathway (dexamethasone, ETYA) but not of the cyclooxygenase pathway (indomethacin) abrogated the response of adult monocytes to lipid A and EAP and of cord blood monocytes to EAP [18].
• The lymphocyte-activating factor activity of EAP was not blocked by addition of polymyxin B [22].
• These studies demonstrate that bacterial components other than lipopolysaccharide, such as EAP, may have hematopoietic activity [20].
• BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the EAP regimen (etoposide, adriamycin and cisplatin) followed by the Machover schedule (fluorouracil and folinic acid) given as adjuvant treatment to patients with poor prognostic factors (N+ or T3/4) [23].

Physical interactions of RPL22

• This transcript is expected to result in a predicted protein containing the AML1 nuclear binding domain with an attached stretch of 17 amino acids unrelated to the EAP small ribosomal protein [2].

Other interactions of RPL22

• The two genes are EAP, which codes for the abundant ribosomal protein L22, and MDS1, which encodes a small polypeptide of unknown function [24].
• Therefore, JLB is located within the intergenic sequence between rps19 and rpl22 [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of RPL22

• EAP also resulted in significantly longer hospitalizations per study month (8 v 5 days) [26].
• Combination therapy consisting of arterial infusion chemotherapy (EPF, EAP) and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) [27].
• CONCLUSIONS: The close approximation of the measured data to the model data indicates the feasibility of the clinical use of an EAP-based cochlear implant fitting protocol [28].
• Nonequilibrium isoelectric focusing with 4-6.5 PhastGel produced readily interpretable phenotypes in the EAP typing system [29].
• The subjects consisted of 16 patients with VSA, 18 patients with effort angina (EAP) and 15 healthy individuals, who were used as the control group [30].

References