Disease relevance of STAM

• The remarkable in vivo safety and potency of STAMP warrants the further development of this promising new antiretroviral agent for possible clinical use in patients harboring NRTI-resistant HIV-1 [1].
• Notably, daily administration of STAMP intraperitoneally or orally for up to 8 consecutive weeks was not associated with any detectable toxicity at cumulative dose levels as high as 6.4 g/kg [1].
• We report the antiretroviral activity of stavudine-5'-(p-bromophenyl methoxyalaninyl phosphate) (stampidine [STAMP]), a novel aryl phosphate derivative of stavudine, against primary clinical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates [2].
• Compared to novispirin G10, the STAMP had an enhanced ability to kill Pseudomonas mendocina [3].
• Long-term food stamp program participation is differentially related to overweight in young girls and boys [4].

Psychiatry related information on STAM

• A collector is a person who collects things on purpose, either as a hobby or business, or for personal satisfaction, e.g., stamp, coin, or art collector [5].
• Organizational effects take place during a critical period in fetal life and put a permanent stamp on the developing brain [6].
• Use of the vital sign stamp as a systematic screening tool to promote smoking cessation [7].
• The presence of components of immunoglobulins (Ishii et al. 1975) and complements (Eikelenboom and Stam 1982) in senile plaques suggests that the immunologic mechanisms are involved in the causation of pathologic processes in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease [8].
• Each physician initially responded to questions on their knowledge of the CPGs, and was then randomly assigned to one of four groups that received information about the CPGs while implementing an intervention (the stamp tool) aimed at supporting their decision-making process at the point of care [9].

High impact information on STAM

• The VHS (Vps27p, Hrs and STAM) domains of the GGA proteins are responsible for the highly specific recognition of these acidic-cluster-dileucine signals [10].
• A poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamp, patterned in bas-relief and supporting an 80-nanometer-thick gold film, is brought into contact with an 80-nanometer-thick film of poly(methylmethacrylate) supported on n-doped silicon [11].
• UBPY function is essential for effective downregulation but is likely to be multifaceted, encompassing activity against both K63-linked and K48-linked polyubiquitin chains and including regulation of the stability of ESCRT-associated proteins such as STAM, by reversing their ubiquitination [12].
• In this report, we demonstrate the functional significance of STAM in cytokine-mediated signal transduction [13].
• These results strongly implicate STAM in the signaling pathways for cell growth and c-myc induction immediately downstream of the Jaks associated with the cytokine receptors [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of STAM

• Cardiac toxicity following high-dose cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and BCNU (STAMP-I) for breast cancer [14].
• We conducted a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled multi-institutional trial to assess the ability of amifostine to protect patients against acute lung injury associated with cyclophosphamide/cisplatin/carmustine (BCNU) (STAMP I), a BCNU-containing high dose chemotherapy regimen used with hematopoietic cell transplantation [15].
• We conclude that amifostine, used in the dose and schedule we tested, does not reduce the incidence of acute lung injury produced by STAMP I [15].
• STAMP was also active against phenotypically and/or genotypically NRTI (nucleoside analog inhibitors of reverse transcriptase) -resistant HIV and inhibited the replication of 20 zidovudine-resistant clinical HIV-1 isolates with low nanomolar to subnanomolar IC50 values [16].
• In 28 Syrian golden hamsters (6-8 weeks/60-80 g b. wt.) a dorsal skinfold chamber and permanent arterial and venous catheters were implanted under Nembutal anesthesia (50 mg/kg b. wt.). Following a recovery period of 48 h pressure-induced ischemia was applied to the skeletal muscle within the skinfold chamber by means of a transparent stamp [17].

Biological context of STAM

• We previously identified three mammalian Vps (vacuolar protein sorting) proteins, Hrs (hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate) and signal transducing adaptor molecule (STAM) 1 and -2, which are tyrosine-phosphorylated upon cytokine/growth factor stimulation [18].
• EAST and STAM 2A/Hbp play a role in receptor-mediated endo- and exocytosis and probably also in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton [19].
• TOM1 genes map to human chromosome 22q13.1 and mouse chromosome 8C1 and encode proteins similar to the endosomal proteins HGS and STAM [20].
• Revertant Hrs expression in hrs(-/-) cells not only led to the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, including intracytoplasmic vesicles, but also restored STAM1 levels in early endosomes and eliminated the enlarged endosome phenotype caused by the absence of Hrs [18].
• We previously identified a putative signal transducing adaptor molecule, named STAM, that contains an Src homology 3 (SH3) domain and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) [13].

Anatomical context of STAM

• STAM proteins bind ubiquitinated proteins on the early endosome via the VHS domain and ubiquitin-interacting motif [21].
• These results suggest that through interaction with ubiquitinated cargo proteins on the early endosome via the VHS domain and ubiquitin-interacting motif, STAM proteins participate in the sorting of cargo proteins for trafficking to the lysosome [21].
• Endogenous STAM1 localizes predominantly to early endosomes, and we found no evidence that STAM1 is imported into mitochondria in vitro [22].
• All patients received the same HDCT regimen, with cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and carmustine (STAMP-I), followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation [23].
• Kohn also invented a new electrophoresis chamber and an 8-position stamp applicator especially for use with CA membranes [24].

Associations of STAM with chemical compounds

• HRS is a powerful regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase trafficking to the degradation pathway and HRS also binds STAM [25].
• STAMP, a Novel Predicted Factor Assisting TIF2 Actions in Glucocorticoid Receptor-Mediated Induction and Repression [26].
• STAMP associates with coactivators (TIF2 and SRC-1) and is selective for a subset of the steroid/nuclear receptors including GRs [26].
• DDP coordinates Zn(2+), and Zn(2+) was found to stimulate the DDP-STAM1 interaction in vitro [22].
• Local stamp surface oxidation and subsequent modification with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane, for use as a barrier in the transfer of n-octadecanethiol, 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid, and octanethiol, resulted in remarkably good contrast and stable patterns [27].

Physical interactions of STAM

• Here we examined the biological significance of STAM binding to Hrs [28].
• In contrast, a mutant of AMSH that lacks the ability to bind STAM localized normally on endosomes [29].
• AMSH is a deubiquitinating enzyme that interacts with STAM and is implicated in the down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor [29].
• Thus, DDP binding may alter the interactions of STAM1 with several cytoplasmic proteins involved in cell signaling and endosomal trafficking [22].

Enzymatic interactions of STAM

• An inactivating mutation (D348A) in AMSH leads to accumulation of ubiquitin on endosomes and the concomitant stabilization of a ubiquitinated form of STAM, which requires an intact ubiquitin interaction motif (UIM) within STAM [30].
• Cytologic findings were retrospectively analyzed in the Papanicolaou-stained stamp smears obtained from the cut surfaces of thymoma specimens [31].

Co-localisations of STAM

• STAM proteins colocalize with Hrs on the early endosome [21].

Regulatory relationships of STAM

• This molecule is 55% identical to a previously isolated molecule designated signal transducing adaptor molecule (STAM) that was identified as an interleukin (IL)-2-induced phosphoprotein and is therefore designated STAM2 [32].

Other interactions of STAM

• STAM2, a new member of the STAM family, binding to the Janus kinases [33].
• We have looked for similar activity in associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM (AMSH), a JAMM domain-containing protein that associates with the SH3-domain of STAM, a protein, which regulates receptor sorting at the endosome [30].
• AMSH also interacts with mVps24/CHMP3, a component of ESCRT III complex, and this interaction is reinforced through simultaneous STAM binding [34].
• We suggest that STAMP is an important new, downstream component of GR action in both gene activation and gene repression [26].
• The levels of molecules whose expressions are associated with myc, such as STAM, prothymosin-alpha, and NFkappaB, were also analyzed [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of STAM

• We report here a direct interaction between DDP and STAM1, identified by yeast two-hybrid screening and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, fusion protein "pull downs," and nuclear redistribution assays [22].
• The three-dimensional topology of the microfluidic network in the stamp makes this technique a versatile one with which to pattern multiple types of proteins and cells in complex, discontinuous structures on a surface [36].
• Micromolar concentrations of the active STAMP metabolite in plasma were rapidly achieved and maintained for more than 4 h after parenteral as well as oral administration of a nontoxic 100-mg/kg bolus dose of STAMP [1].
• In the phase 1/2 study, 75 breast cancer patients underwent a bone marrow harvest and myeloablative STAMP V chemotherapy and were randomized to receive placebo or one of three doses of PEG-rHuMGDF [37].
• Participation in Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children program, food stamp benefits, and consumption of low-fat diets were associated (P < 0.05) with lower added sugars use [38].

References