Disease relevance of Corneal Opacity

• Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by severe psychomotor retardation and ophthalmologic abnormalities, including corneal opacity, retinal degeneration, and strabismus [1].
• Similar to WHS patients, these animals were growth-retarded, were susceptible to seizures and showed midline (palate closure, tail kinks), craniofacial and ocular anomalies (colobomas, corneal opacities) [2].
• The proband of the Finnish LCAT-deficient family had corneal opacities, proteinuria, anemia with stomatocytosis, low serum HDL cholesterol (0.27 mmol/L), and low LCAT activity [3].
• To directly test this hypothesis, MIP-1alpha-deficient (-/-) mice and their wild-type (+/+) counterparts were infected topically on the scarified cornea with 2.5 x 10(5) PFU of HSV-1 strain RE and subsequently graded for corneal opacity [4].
• The 70% of NTBC-treated 14CoS/14CoS mice that survived 60 d showed poor growth and developed corneal opacities, compared with ch/14CoS littermates; NTBC-rescued Fah(-/-) knockout mice did not show growth retardation or ocular toxicity [5].

Psychiatry related information on Corneal Opacity

• In this paper we describe a new case of Balci's syndrome, a 2.5-month-old female patient with corneal opacity, microphthalmia, microcephaly, mental retardation, and generalized muscular spacticity [6].

High impact information on Corneal Opacity

• We have identified the molecular defect in two siblings presenting with classical clinical and biochemical features of Fish Eye disease (FED), including corneal opacities, HDL cholesterol < 10 mg/dl, normal plasma cholesteryl esters, and elevated triglycerides [7].
• Lumican regulates collagen fibril assembly: skin fragility and corneal opacity in the absence of lumican [8].
• The failure to synthesize a mature keratan sulfate proteoglycan may produce corneal opacity and result in blindness [9].
• Macular corneal dystrophy is a human genetic disorder characterized by corneal opacities that arise, in part, from a failure to synthesize mature keratan sulfate proteoglycans [10].
• Phase I/II evaluation of safety and efficacy of a matrix-targeted retroviral vector bearing a dominant negative cyclin G1 construct (Md-dnG1) as adjunctive intervention for superficial corneal opacity/corneal scarring [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Corneal Opacity

• At histological examination, no pathological changes were observed in the anterior segment of the latex-injected eye except for a scant vascularization of the corneal opacity [12].
• Toxic manifestations of DDT were observed in treated mice in the form of tremor, convulsions and corneal opacity usually after 40 weeks [13].
• RESULTS: The frequency of severe corneal opacities was lower with cidofovir (P = 0.048) [14].
• PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of topical diclofenac to decrease corneal opacity after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) [15].
• Bilateral corneal opacities. Occurrence in a patient treated with oral isotretinoin [16].

Biological context of Corneal Opacity

• Impaired fibrinolysis in Plg-/- mice caused persistent stromal fibrin deposits that correlated with the development of corneal opacity [17].
• The eyes of cotton rats inoculated with either adenovirus type 5 or type 8 developed clinical features similar to those seen in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, with subepithelial corneal opacities, seroconversion, and virus shedding [18].
• Here we report further studies of the mutant cataract and curly whiskers (Ccw), previously mapped to Chromosome 4, and also investigations of the corneal opacity (Coop) mutant, which is shown to involve a mutation in the Pax6 gene [19].
• CONCLUSIONS: Automated superficial lamellar keratectomy combined with excimer laser PTK smoothening assisted by sodium hyaluronate 0.25% induces a significant improvement of corneal transparency and visual acuity in cases of corneal opacity caused by previous refractive surgery, ocular trauma, and keratitis [20].

Anatomical context of Corneal Opacity

• Macular corneal dystrophy is an inherited corneal disease characterized by corneal opacities resulting from intra- and extracellular deposits within the corneal stroma [21].
• Finally, B6 mice treated with TLR9 siRNA showed decreases in corneal opacity, polymorphonuclear leukocyte number, IL-12 and IFN-gamma mRNA, IL-1beta, and MIP-2 protein compared with those treated with control siRNA [22].
• We identified and quantitated the following lipids in corneas of normolipemic beagles that had oval corneal opacities: total lipids, cholesterol esters, free cholesterol, total phospholipids, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, sphingomyelin and total triacylglycerols [23].
• There were skeletal anomalies, mild reduction of motor NCVs, but no corneal opacity, retinitis pigmentosa, organomegaly or vacuolated lymphocytes [24].
• However, one of the patients demonstrated various anomalies, amongst which syndactyly on the right foot, scoliosis, microcephaly, microphthalmia and corneal opacity suggested that the patient may have been affected by the amnion rupture sequence, except for polydactyly on the left foot, cleft hand and vertebra plana [25].

Gene context of Corneal Opacity

• Familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency is a hereditary disorder with clinical manifestations including corneal opacity, premature atherosclerosis and renal failure [26].
• Macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by corneal opacities and caused by mutations in a carbohydrate sulfotransferase gene, known as CHST6 [27].
• Cat4 is the second largest allelism group in the collection of mouse dominant eye mutations recovered in Neuherberg and carriers express anterior polar cataract, central corneal opacity, and lens-corneal adhesions [28].
• Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of TGF-beta in the process of corneal opacity, which is one of the serious causes of visual loss [29].
• RESULTS: Corneal opacity in IL-6(-/-) mice was substantially diminished in comparison with IL-6(+/+) hosts 24 to 48 hours after intracorneal viral infection, and corneal levels of (MIP)-2 and MIP-1alpha were significantly reduced [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Corneal Opacity

• METHODS: A 46-year-old woman who had been using hydrogel contact lenses bought on the Internet without a prescription for 5 years was found to have dense, bilateral corneal opacities with deep stromal neovascularization [31].
• After treatment, both conjunctivitis and corneal opacity became more severe only in dexamethasone treated eyes (respectively, 4.4 +/- 0.2, n = 120 and 3.0 +/- 0.02, n = 24) [32].

References