Disease relevance of New England

• BACKGROUND: Babesiosis is a tick-borne, malaria-like illness known to be enzootic in southern New England. A course of clindamycin and quinine is the standard treatment, but this regimen frequently causes adverse reactions and occasionally fails [1].
• In 1993, five large U.S. studies of women located mainly in the northeastern United States were funded to evaluate the association of levels of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blood plasma or serum with breast cancer risk [2].
• In a series of New England and Swedish patients, we find that 14/24 (58%) of invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the skin contain mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene, each altering the amino acid sequence [3].
• We previously described a large New England kindred exhibiting an autosomal dominant neurogenic SP syndrome (scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy, SPSMA) [4].
• We prospectively studied 60 white patients living in New England who presented with uncomplicated optic neuritis (ON) to determine the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) [5].

Psychiatry related information on New England

• Salt marshes play a critical role in the ecology and geology of wave-protected shorelines in the Western Atlantic, but as many as 80% of the marshes that once occurred in New England have already been lost to human development [6].
• This study reviewed 1,050 articles published in the New England Journal of Medicine, the American Journal of Psychiatry, and the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology in 1982 and 1991/92 [7].
• Dr. Arnold Relman, Editor of The New England Journal of Medicine, argues that Saikewicz encroaches on existing sound medical practice and requires decision-making machinery that is impractical and inhumane [8].
• METHODS: We examined three representative nonspecialty journals (Journal of the American Medical Association, Lancet, and the New England Journal of Medicine) between 1998 and 2000 for references to the role of religion/spirituality [9].

High impact information on New England

• METHODS: We compared the results of large randomized, controlled trials (involving 1000 patients or more) that were published in four journals (the New England Journal of Medicine, the Lancet, the Annals of Internal Medicine, and the Journal of the American Medical Association) with the results of meta-analyses published earlier on the same topics [10].
• The highest rate of use was in the Middle Atlantic states (20.0 percent) and New England (17.2 percent), and the lowest was in the East South Central states (5.9 percent) and the West South Central states (7.3 percent) [11].
• Serum samples from all cadaver organ donors to the New England Organ Bank between 1986 and 1990 were screened retrospectively for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [12].
• METHODS: Five frequently cited journals were investigated: Annals of Internal Medicine, BMJ, JAMA, The Lancet, and the New England Journal of Medicine. For each journal, 4 years were evaluated: 1989, 1992, 1995, and 1998 [13].
• DESIGN AND SETTING: Analysis of 270 reports of RCTs published in 1998 in the Annals of Internal Medicine (AIM; n = 19), BMJ (n = 42), JAMA (n = 45), The Lancet (n = 81), and The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM; n = 83) [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of New England

• Giardiasis is the most frequently reported diarrheal disease in northern New England. A case-control study of endemic giardiasis and environmental risk factors among residents of New Hampshire involved 273 cases from the state's 1984 disease registry and 375 controls [15].
• A review of advertisements for infectious diseases physicians in the 1990, 1993, and 1995 issues of the New England Journal of Medicine revealed a significant decline in the number of openings between 1990 and 1995 [16].
• We have investigated this possibility in New England Deaconess Hospital rats harboring a transplantable pheochromocytoma that secretes norepinephrine and dopamine [17].
• METHODS: A review of the literature and a summation of the experience with treatment of > 300 patients with DMSO at the Interstitial Cystitis Clinic, New England Medical Center. RESULTS: DMSO is helpful in a significant number of patients and it has acceptable morbidity and an excellent safety profile [18].
• Genetic mechanisms contributing to reduced tetracycline susceptibility of Campylobacter isolated from organic and conventional dairy farms in the midwestern and northeastern United States [19].

Biological context of New England

• They reviewed most often for The Journal of the American Medical Association (27%), the American Journal of Epidemiology (26%), and the New England Journal of Medicine (23%) [20].
• We have studied 26 individuals from 5 New England families with MCT with the goal of finding a cytogenetic test useful in the detection of the presence of the gene [21].
• METHODS: We genotyped 5 SNPs in an approximately 6.5-kb region in the 5' region of CD14 in 344 2-year-old white children from 2 birth cohorts in the northeastern United States. We examined the relation of both single SNPs and haplotypes in CD14 with the atopic outcomes [22].
• Tumor necrosis factor genetic polymorphisms correlate with infections after liver transplantation. NEMC TNF Study Group. New England Medical Center Tumor Necrosis Factor [23].
• STUDY DESIGN: Nine centers in New England identified singleton pregnancies with undetectably low unconjugated estriol levels [24].

Anatomical context of New England

• One laboratory demonstrated that New England Nuclear steroid binding kits and the ER-EIA produced comparable results when MCF-7 lyophilized cytosols were used [25].
• In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from fatty rats, insulin-stimulated Akt (New England Biolabs) phosphorylation and 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake were inhibited to 59% and 68%, respectively, by angiotensin II, but the effects were ameliorated by the addition of 10(-7) mol/L candesartan [26].
• BACKGROUND: The Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group (NNE) recently published risk models for hospital mortality after heart valve surgery [27].

Associations of New England with chemical compounds

• SETTING--A large health insurer in New England. PATIENTS--Health plan members with 1 or more paid pharmacy claims for products containing terfenadine between January 1990 and June 1994 [28].
• The comparison of the ER-EIA with the New England Nuclear steroid binding assay produced a slope of 1.13 [25].
• However, the norepinephrine content of several peripheral tissues of these rats did not differ from those of the New England Deaconess Hospital control rats, and their dopamine content, although slightly higher, was much lower than would have been expected from the plasma dopamine levels [29].
• We used automated health insurance claims records of a New England insurer to assess the relation between salmeterol and severe nonfatal asthma [30].
• Using outpatient pharmacy claims from a New England health insurer, we calculated a concomitant dispensing rate for each calendar month as the number of concomitant cisapride dispensings divided by the total number of cisapride dispensings [31].

Gene context of New England

• An Alu1- polymorphism in the HEXA gene is common in Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews, Israeli Arabs, and French Canadians of Quebec and northern New England [32].
• CONCLUSIONS: MRSA accounts for an increasing proportion of all pediatric S aureus infections in southern New England. A significant percentage of these cases are due to CA-MRSA [33].
• This study surveyed general education teachers in northern New England to determine the classroom strategies teachers commonly use and perceive as being effective for improving the performance of children with ADHD [34].
• HLA-B, DR matching and cadaver renal allograft survival in New England. New England Organ Bank [35].
• PARTICIPANTS--All first authors of scientific articles published in JAMA and The New England Journal of Medicine during a 6-month period [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of New England

• SETTING--Mostly private obstetric practices, primarily in New England. PARTICIPANTS--A cohort of 23,491 women having serum alpha-fetoprotein screening or an amniocentesis were identified [37].
• We tested whether human CR2 expression on RINm5F cells would affect tumorigenesis after transplantation to syngeneic New England Deaconess Hospital rats [38].
• Between 1983 and 1991, 651 patients from the New England Organ Bank underwent liver transplantation, and 73 reTx were performed in 71 patients (11% reTx rate) [39].
• These included the Enzymatic Radiochemical Assay, the Diagnostic Products Corporation Radioimmunoassay and the New England Nuclear Corporation Radioimmunoassay [40].
• METHODS: Paraffin sections from 183 patients who underwent surgery at New England Deaconess Hospital (NEDH) between 1965 and 1977 were analyzed first by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the expression of the markers SI, DF3, and galectin 3, which were scored as absent or present [41].

References