Disease relevance of Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus

• In spontaneously hypertensive rats, a supersensitivity of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus to induce pressor responses appears to be governed by central noradrenaline neurones and seems to be involved in the development of this type of genetic hypertension [1].
• Rats with electrolytic or kainic acid (KA) lesions of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus area (DMHA-L) are hypophagic, hypodipsic, and have a reduced body weight (BW) compared with controls [2].

Psychiatry related information on Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus

• Administration of a NMDA receptor antagonist (AP7) into the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) of rats reduced exploratory behavior in the open field and elevated plus-maze (EPM), but failed to produce anxiolytic effects in the latter test [3].

High impact information on Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus

• A glucagon-like-peptide-2 fiber plexus targets neurons expressing its receptor within the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus [4].
• Acute restraint preferentially increased GAD67 mRNA expression in several stress-relevant brain regions, including the arcuate nucleus, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, medial preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and hippocampus (CA1 and dentate gyrus) [5].
• Fos expression induced by icv administration of pCRSP-1 was detected in the neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, locus coeruleus, and nucleus of solitary tract, areas that are known to regulate feeding and energy homeostasis [6].
• Injection of TNF-alpha increased the number of c-Fos-immunoreactive cells in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), and the parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which was more prominent in OVX/ADX than OVX animals except in the DMH [7].
• PRL-releasing peptide inhibits food intake in male rats via the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and not the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus [8].

Biological context of Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus

• Injection of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH, 0.6-1.2 nmol in 100-300 nl) into the rostral dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus of the halothane anesthetized rat resulted in a 12% increase in heart rate (41 +/- 4 bpm) which was accompanied by a slight increase in blood pressure (5 +/- 1 mm Hg) [9].
• CGRP microinjection into the ventromedial or dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus activates heat production [10].
• Weanling and mature rats with dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus lesions (DMNL rats) show reduced ponderal and linear growth and hypophagia and hypodipsia in the presence of normal body composition and anabolic hormone levels [11].
• Effect of chemical stimulation of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus on blood plasma glucose, triglycerides and free fatty acids in rats [12].

Anatomical context of Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus

• We have identified a unique glucagon-like-peptide-2 containing neuronal pathway connecting the nucleus of the solitary tract with the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus [4].
• High numbers of NPFF positive neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and a dense plexus of NPFF fibers surrounding the fornix within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis were identified in the human and rat forebrain [13].
• In particular, a 15% increase in alpha s expression was only observed in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus of rats undergoing chronic DADLE infusion: a 15% increase in alpha o levels was detected in the claustrum and endopiriform nucleus of rats chronically treated with U-50,488H [14].
• Norepinephrine (NE) levels were higher in fluoxetine-treated rats in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus and parietal motor cortex (MCTX) [15].
• This technique was also used to demonstrate that MCH, but not orexin/hypocretin, mRNA colocalized with CART in neurons of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus/lateral hypothalamic area [16].

Associations of Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus with chemical compounds

• Direct, monosynaptic connections between the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and all the noradrenaline-containing cell groups investigated were found [17].
• The present experiments were carried out to examine the influence of electrical stimulation of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) on pulsatile LH release in ovariectomized rats, and the possible involvement of serotonin (5HT) in mediating any observed effects [18].
• The effects of GABAA receptor blockade in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus on corticotrophin (ACTH) and corticosterone secretion in male rats [19].
• Male weanling rats received dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus lesions (DMNL) or sham operations and were fed for 173 postoperative days a high-fat diet and given a 32% sucrose solution as drinking fluid [20].
• The influence of dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus on contralateral paraventricular nucleus in NMDA-mediated cardiovascular responses [21].

Gene context of Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus

• In contrast, there was induction of NPY expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus in the UCP-DTA animals but not in the controls [22].
• A few brain regions express only V1bR transcripts such as the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb [23].
• Additional abnormalities were seen in the ventrolateral part of VMH and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, both of which do not express Ad4BP but have strong reciprocal fiber-connections with the dmVMH [24].
• UHR-1 transcripts were also readily detectable in various hypothalamic brain areas whereas expression of PrRP mRNA was restricted to the ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus but was not detected in neuroendocrine hypothalamic nuclei (e.g. PVN, SON) [25].
• During development there is novel expression of NPY mRNA in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and perifornical region (PFR), in addition to the arcuate nucleus (ARH) [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus

• However, inhibition of neuronal activity in the nearby dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) by microinjection of the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol suppresses cardiovascular changes seen in air stress in conscious rats, while similar treatment in the PVN has no effect [27].

References