Disease relevance of Retinal Vein

• METHODS: In 20 eyes of 10 pigs, branch retinal vein occlusions were created in a standardized manner using photodynamic thrombosis with rose bengal dye and thermal burns from an argon laser with green light [1].
• PURPOSE: To demonstrate the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in intraocular neovascularization by detecting the presence of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in aqueous humor and serum of patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) [2].
• Hyperhomocysteinemia and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C-T mutation in patients under 50 years of age affected by central retinal vein occlusion [3].
• The results indicated that increase in pallor and fluorescein-filling defect areas, as well as a slowed filling rate of the retinal veins, correlated with glaucomatous progression [4].
• LDL lipid peroxides are elevated in common types of hyperlipoproteinaemias, PGI2 generation is impaired in atherosclerosis, and infusion of synthetic PGI2 into patients alleviates symptoms resulting from arteriosclerosis obliterans, central retinal vein occlusion or spontaneous angina [5].

High impact information on Retinal Vein

• Central retinal vein occlusion in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis taking rofecoxib [6].
• Prostacyclin in central retinal vein occlusion [7].
• In situ videomicroscopic analyses of leukocyte interactions with retinal veins revealed that anti-LOX-1 antibody reduced the number of rolling leukocytes and increased the velocity of rolling, suggesting that LOX-1 functions as a vascular tethering ligand [8].
• Central retinal vein occlusion complicating systemic lupus erythematosus [9].
• Again, coadministration of diphenhydramine significantly reduced the vasodilative effect to +0.3% +/- 5.5% in retinal arteries (ANOVA, P = 0.00006) and to +0.9% +/- 2.5% in retinal veins (ANOVA, P = 0.004) [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Retinal Vein

• Intravitreal triamcinolone for the treatment of macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion [11].
• Intravitreous triamcinolone acetonide as treatment for macular edema from central retinal vein occlusion [12].
• Other complications included choroidal pseudolymphoma, central retinal vein occlusion, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, herpetic keratitis, dacryocystitis, cyclosporin retinopathy, and rifabutin associated uveitis [13].
• In both cases, after systemic steroid therapy the retinal vasculitis gradually decreased, but central retinal vein occlusions gradually developed [14].
• Macular hole secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion diagnosed by Retinal Thickness Analyzer [15].

Biological context of Retinal Vein

• PURPOSE: The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the relationship between homocysteine (tHcy), 5,10 methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotype, folate and vitamin B12 status, and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) [16].
• The average vasoconstriction of the large retinal veins caused by carbogen was not significantly smaller than that caused by 100% O2 [17].
• Vascular endothelial growth factor upregulation in human central retinal vein occlusion [18].
• After treatment with bifemelane, improvements in visual acuity were seen in 12 of 17 eyes with central retinal artery obstruction, in three of four eyes with central retinal vein obstruction, and in five of nine eyes with branch retinal vein obstruction [19].
• A patient with chronic pseudotumor cerebri experienced precipitous visual loss as a result of a central retinal vein occlusion associated with an intracranial pressure elevation of 520 mm of CSF and a fall of mean systemic arterial pressure [20].

Anatomical context of Retinal Vein

• This indicates a relaxation of the smooth muscle yet papaverine caused no change in measured retinal vein pressure [21].
• No significant differences compared with baseline values were detected in the color Doppler ultrasound measurements of the posterior ciliary arteries and the central retinal vein two hours after topically administered verapamil [22].
• RESULTS: Ophthalmic examination and fluorescein angiography revealed optic nerve swelling and central retinal vein occlusion first in the left eye and shortly thereafter in the right eye [23].
• During hyperoxia, oxygenation increased by 30%, 45%, 36%, and 28% in the retinal vein, artery, capillary, and choroid, respectively [24].
• CONCLUSION: Argon green laser powers of at least 2.5 and 3.0 W were necessary to rupture Bruch's membrane and the retinal vein, respectively, with a 100% success rate in the porcine eye [25].

Associations of Retinal Vein with chemical compounds

• The authors studied 24 digitized 60 degrees fluorescein angiograms of patients with normal retinas and 5 angiograms of patients with central retinal vein or artery occlusion [26].
• METHODS: Retinal branch vein occlusion was induced in cat retina by coagulation of retinal veins with diathermy [27].
• Experimental retinal vein occlusion: effect of acetazolamide and carbogen (95% O2/5% CO2) on preretinal PO2 [28].
• The minimal velocity of the central retinal vein showed significantly higher values after dorzolamide, whereas the maximal velocity remained unchanged [29].
• Retinal vein occlusions in patients taking warfarin [30].

Gene context of Retinal Vein

• Few and contrasting data are available on the presence of a thrombophilic state in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and we have previously demonstrated a role of elevated PAI-1 activity as a risk factor for this condition [31].
• Concentrations of erythropoietin and VEGF in vitreous fluid were significantly elevated in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and branch retinal vein occlusion as compared to patients with macular hole [32].
• Pathogenesis of macular edema with branch retinal vein occlusion and intraocular levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 [33].
• PURPOSE: To determine whether correlations between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) contribute to the pathogenesis of macular edema in eyes of patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) [33].
• Aim of the study is to investigate the correlation between increased homocysteine plasma level and the homozygosity for the 677C-T mutation in the gene MTHFR in patients aged under 50 years affected by central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Retinal Vein

• INTERVENTION: All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy with cannulation and infusion of t-PA into a branch retinal vein [35].
• RESULTS: Microinjection of papaverine caused visible dilation of the major retinal vein downstream from the site of microinjection [21].
• METHODS: Four eyes of four patients with macular edema as a result of branch retinal vein occlusion underwent vitrectomy and intraoperative VFA with a bolus of 0.8 ml fluorescein dye [36].
• Of the 74 patients with a central retinal vein occlusion, 16 (21.6%) had total plasma homocysteine levels above the 95th percentile in the control group (odds ratio, 6.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.81-23.50; P =. 003) [37].
• BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection on persistent macular oedema in branch retinal vein occlusion that fails to respond to previous laser photocoagulation [38].

References