Disease relevance of Tremor

• The effect of nadolol, a peripherally acting beta-adrenergic blocker, on resting, postural, and intention tremor was examined in 8 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease whose motor symptoms, other than tremor, were well controlled with conventional medications [1].
• Essential tremor and cerebellar dysfunction clinical and kinematic analysis of intention tremor [2].
• A second patient with no history of Parkinson's disease developed a resting tremor and facial dyskinesia during treatment with metoclopramide [3].
• The phenotype in this family is typical of idiopathic PD, including rest tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and response to levodopa [4].
• L-5HTP combined with MK 486 were potent long-term therapeutic agents for postanoxic intention myoclonus, but had no effect on intention tremor or cerebral palsy [5].

Psychiatry related information on Tremor

• Accelerometer measurements of muscle tremor yielded significant findings for both Huntington's disease (HD) patients and their genetically at risk offspring [6].
• A 30-year-old woman had a syndrome of dementia, dystonia, myoclonus, and intention tremor [7].
• Daily administration of diazepam (1.5 or 6 mg/kg) in Rhesus monkeys results in the progressive development of physical dependence, as evidenced by Ro15-1788 (5 mg/kg i.m.) precipitated withdrawal symptoms including retching, vomiting, face and limb tremors [8].
• Egr3-/- mice develop gait ataxia, scoliosis, resting tremors, and ptosis, suggesting a defect in proprioception [9].

High impact information on Tremor

• mGluR1 mutant mice are viable but show characteristic cerebellar symptoms such as ataxic gait and intention tremor [10].
• Intra-arterial or intravenous propranolol quickly blocked the enhanced action tremor in both groups [11].
• Cplx1-/- mice show pronounced deficits in motor coordination and locomotion including abnormal gait, inability to run or swim, impaired rotarod performance, reduced neuromuscular strength, dystonia and resting tremor [12].
• Some elderly males with premutations exhibit an unique neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by progressive intention tremor and ataxia [13].
• Successful treatment of two cases of intention tremor with clonazepam [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Tremor

• Retrospectively, helpful early pointers to the diagnosis in these cases included unexplained falls, autonomic dysfunction, absence of rest tremor and failure to respond to L-dopa, but these were not always present [15].
• Microinjections of 5-10 microl of muscimol in a region with tremor-related activity resulted in suppression of limb tremor in two out of two patients [16].
• Four patients with disabling action tremor in the setting of MS were treated with isoniazid (800 to 1200 mg per day) [17].
• METHODS: Using [123I]-N-(3-iodopropen-2-yl)-2 -carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl) tropane SPECT, we measured the basal ganglia-occipital cortex/occipital cortex ([BG-OCC]/OCC) uptake ratios in 21 control subjects and patients with isolated postural tremor (n = 9), postural and rest tremor (n = 6), and PD (n = 11) [18].
• Additionally, ChAT activity in caudate and norepinephrine concentration in putamen were significantly reduced in the LBV group, which may have contributed to the absence of resting tremor and the milder presentation of parkinsonian features in this group compared with classic PD [19].

Biological context of Tremor

• Multipoint analysis and haplotype reconstruction reduced the interval containing the SCA2 locus to 6.4 cM, a narrowing of the 35-cM interval in a previously described Cuban SCA2 family with a clinical picture similar to that of our family, including a high frequency of postural and action tremor [20].
• All arginine deficient dogs and dogs fed the 28% L-AA with arginine showed signs of emesis, excessive salivation and muscle tremors [21].
• Minor muscle tremors were observed in two patients with 400 micrograms of tulobuterol but no significant changes in pulse rate or blood pressure were noted [22].
• Toluene inhalation (0.7% in air) induced in rats abnormal neurological states resembling the serotonin syndrome, such as hindlimb abduction, resting tremor and head weaving [23].
• Occupational exposures to manganese and organic solvents cause parkinsonism as well as prominent action tremor, resembling essential tremor (ET), yet their association with ET has not been studied [24].

Anatomical context of Tremor

• After attaining early motor milestones, she developed progressive lower motor neuron dysfunction of the limb and bulbar musculature, combined with dystonia and an action tremor [25].
• CONCLUSIONS: Action tremor was associated with rest tremor in PD, suggesting that, at least in part, action tremor is a manifestation of the underlying basal ganglia disease [26].
• Skeletal muscle effects were assessed by resting tremor and fenoterol induced tremor [27].
• Reversible neurotoxicity developed twice during the therapeutic course, once with the restarting of lithium, the other with increasing the dose of lithium, despite the lithium concentrations being less than 0.5 mEq/l. Neurotoxicity manifested as ataxia, coarse tremor, myoclonus, facial spasm and increased deep tendon reflex [28].

Gene context of Tremor

• Since male premutation carriers are relatively common in the general population, older men with ataxia and intention tremor should be screened for the FMR1 mutation, especially if these signs are accompanied by parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, or cognitive decline, regardless of family history [29].
• The MBP/c-myc transgenic mice developed severe neurological disturbances characterized by action tremors and recurrent seizures, and premature death during postnatal weeks three to five [30].
• There is evidence that male subjects with a clinical picture of action tremor, Parkinsonism, and cerebellar ataxia may have Fragile X premutations (FRAXA) [31].
• Mutants from the pcd/pcd strain also reacted with continuous tremor, but of lower amplitude and frequency [32].
• Initial analyses of Cx32/Cx47-double-deficient mice showed that these mice developed an action tremor and died on average at 51 d after birth [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tremor

• By contrast, neither the severity of parkinsonian rest nor of action tremor is related to the degree of dopaminergic denervation as measured by DAT imaging [34].
• The number of patients able to perform fully the PC-tests increased with the Tremor Control System. Patients with marked intention tremor seemed to profit especially from this assistive technology [35].
• Abnormally increased 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the basal ganglia was noted by positron emission tomography (PET) in a 37-year-old bone marrow transplant patient who had severe intention tremors of his hands and a progressive psychiatric change with social withdrawal and flat affect [36].

References