Disease relevance of Ankle Joint

• To determine whether CIS3 is effective in treating experimental arthritis, a recombinant adenovirus carrying the CIS3 cDNA was injected periarticularly into the ankle joints of mice with antigen-induced arthritis or collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) [1].
• Only modest synovial hyperplasia is induced in control ankle joints by systemic injection of TSST-1 [2].
• WKAH rats transgenic for HTLV-I env-pX gene were established and at age 5 weeks, swelling of the bilateral ankle joints began to develop and histological features of the affected joints resembled findings in cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA): high-titers of rheumatoid factors were present in these rats [3].
• The present study was undertaken to examine whether fluorocitrate, a glial metabolic inhibitor, could synergize electroacupuncture antagonizing thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia evoked by ankle joint inflammation [4].
• MTEP at doses between 0.5 and 3 mg/kg i.p. decreased the haloperidol-induced muscle rigidity measured as an increased muscle resistance of the rat's hind leg in response to passive extension and flexion at the ankle joint [5].

Psychiatry related information on Ankle Joint

• The wide distribution of group I disynaptic excitation in motoneurones innervating extensor, flexor and bifunctional muscles acting on hip, knee and ankle joints suggests that these pathways can play an important role in the reinforcement of ongoing locomotor activity throughout the limb [6].
• Using a pressure algometer pain threshold (PT) measurements were carried out in the paraspinal area as well as at the knee and ankle joints in 30 adults with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 30 healthy adults [7].

High impact information on Ankle Joint

• CONCLUSION: Scoring for assessment of RA disease activity would be more sensitive if separate joints such as the shoulder, elbow, knee, wrist, and ankle joints were weighted differently [8].
• The inhibitory effect of kallistatin on the accumulation of inflammatory cells in ankle joints was accompanied by reduced TNFalpha and IL-1beta levels in joint homogenates [9].
• RESULTS: OPN messenger RNA transcripts progressively increased in ankle joints during the course of K/BxN serum-transferred arthritis [10].
• METHODS: Chondrocytes isolated by enzymatic digestion of cartilage obtained from subjects undergoing knee replacement for OA (n = 6) or from normal ankle joints of tissue donors (n = 7) were cultured in alginate beads in serum-free medium and treated for 21 days with 100 ng/ml IGF-1, 100 ng/ml OP-1, or both [11].
• The ankle joints were injected on day 12 with an adenoviral construct encoding IKKbeta K-->M (dominant negative, IKKbeta-dn) or Ad.GFP [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ankle Joint

• Mechanical allodynia and secondary hyperalgesia following capsaicin injection into the ankle joint also resulted in activation of the same brain regions [13].
• Peripheral and central effect of baclofen on ankle joint stiffness in multiple sclerosis [14].
• Reevaluation of some double-blind, randomized studies of dexibuprofen (Seractil): a state-of-the-art overview. Studies in patients with lumbar vertebral column syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, distortion of the ankle joint, gonarthrosis, ankylosing spondylitis, and activated coxarthrosis [15].
• Limbs in the University of Wisconsin solution plus butanedione monoxime group had more flexible ankle joints and pliable muscle (i.e., less contracture) than those in the University of Wisconsin solution and no flushout groups [16].
• Triamcinolone was injected into ankle joints of rabbits after distal tibial fractures [17].

Biological context of Ankle Joint

• Furthermore, baclofen induced an approximately 20% decrease in the total stiffness at the ankle joint at all contraction levels due to a decrease in the short-latency stretch reflex [14].
• RESULTS: Gait analysis disclosed a significant improvement by levodopa/benserazide in walking speed, stride length and the range of motion of hip, knee and ankle joints [18].

Anatomical context of Ankle Joint

• The tissue concentrations of SP and CGRP were significantly increased both in ankle joints and in dorsal root ganglia [19].
• To analyze the occurrence of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in ankle joints and corresponding dorsal root ganglia (L2-L6) of rats with adjuvant arthritis [19].
• METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine the distribution of the following adhesion molecules: lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1; CD11a/CD18), Mac-1 and p150/95 (CD11bc/CD18), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and CD44 in tissue sections from the ankle joints of rats with AIA [20].
• Effect of the forebrain on flexion reflexes in rats with ankle joint urate arthritis [21].
• 1. To compare the basic hindlimb synergies for backward (BWD) and forward (FWD) walking, electromyograms (EMG) were recorded from selected flexor and extensor muscles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints from four cats trained to perform both forms of walking at a moderate walking speed (0.6 m/s) [22].

Associations of Ankle Joint with chemical compounds

• Cysteine protease activity is up-regulated in inflamed ankle joints of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis and decreases with in vivo administration of a vinyl sulfone cysteine protease inhibitor [23].
• The localization of neurokinin A (NK-A) in the normal ankle joint of rats was investigated by an immunoelectron microscopic technique with specific antisera to NK-A [24].
• Rats were injected with capsaicin (50 microl, 0.2%) into one ankle joint and mechanical withdrawal threshold measured before and after injection [25].
• Injection of sodium urate crystals into one ankle joint in the rat produces arthritis which is fully developed within 24 h [26].
• Ankle joint urate arthritis in rats is associated with increased responses to ankle stimulation and decreased responses to stimulation of the distal foot [21].

Gene context of Ankle Joint

• Intra-articular expression of antagonists of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in arthritic rabbit knee and mouse ankle joints by direct adenoviral-mediated intraarticular delivery results in amelioration of disease pathology in both the treated and contralateral untreated joints [27].
• OXP inhibited HgCl2-induced TNF-alpha mRNA transcription in spleen and ankle joints [28].
• The number of VIP immunoreactive nerve fibres observed in ankle joints of arthritic and normal rats did not differ [29].
• RIA showed that the concentration of NPY-like immunoreactivity (LI) was increased by 50% in the ankle joint [29].
• The expression of IL-1beta was significantly decreased in the ankle joints of mice treated with IL-1Ra (P<0.01) [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ankle Joint

• At the eighth week, the mice were killed, histopathologic changes in the ankle joints were examined, and titers of interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) in the supernatants of splenocytes (1 x 10(7)) stimulated in culture by CII for 3 days were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [31].
• Self-limited monoarticular arthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of 2 micrograms of rhamnose peptidoglycan-polysaccharide derived from group A streptococci into the ankle joints in female Lewis rats [32].
• Ibuprofen in the treatment of acute ankle joint injuries. A double-blind study [33].
• Intra-arterial injection of L-NAME (10-20 mg kg(-1)) increased neural discharge in normal and arthritic ankle joints, whereas D-NAME (30 mg kg(-1)) had no effect [34].
• Application of an orthosis may increase the afferent feedback from cutaneous receptors in the foot and shank, which may in turn lead to an improved ankle joint position sense [35].

References