Disease relevance of Electroacupuncture

• The aim of the present study was to investigate the first protective window of preconditioning with electroacupuncture (EA) against focal cerebral ischemia, and to explore whether adenosine is involved in the rapid tolerance phenomenon [1].
• Changes of expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor in dorsal root ganglions and spinal dorsal horn during electroacupuncture treatment in neuropathic pain rats [2].
• We reported previously that electroacupuncture (Acu) at an acu-point equivalent to GV-4 in mice either enhanced or suppressed the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB, picryl chloride) depending on the time of treatment [3].
• AIM: To investigate the regulatory effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC), and further elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of EA on UC [4].
• It was found that electroacupuncture strongly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema by over 60%, and suppressed the associated Fos expression in the superficial laminae (I-II) of the ipsilateral dorsal horn by 50% [5].

Psychiatry related information on Electroacupuncture

• To observe the effect of multiple electroacupuncture (EA) on the pain threshold and the regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of neuropathic pain rats [6].
• Change of Leu-enkephalin- and B-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in the hippocampus after electroconvulsive shock and electroacupuncture [7].
• Dexamethasone reduced tail-flick response latency in response to electroacupuncture, and produced metabolic (functional) changes in a number of CNS structures implicated in electroacupuncture produced analgesia effects (some changes were statistically significant, many others were not) [8].
• The present study was undertaken to evaluate if plasma or CSF beta-endorphin level can be induced to rise during the treatment of heroin addiction by electroacupuncture [9].

High impact information on Electroacupuncture

• Long-pulse stimulation, but not short-pulse stimulation or electroacupuncture, was capable of preventing vasopressin-induced gastric dysrhythmias and gastric slow wave uncoupling [10].
• After electroacupuncture in the patients with pain CSF beta-endorphin levels rose significantly in all subjects, but met-enkephalin levels were unchanged [11].
• Electroacupuncture and peripheral beta-endorphin and ACTH levels [12].
• AIM/HYPOTHESIS: Electroacupuncture has been shown to induce a short-term hypoglycaemic effect in streptozotocin diabetic rats [13].
• Our study investigated the effect on plasma glucose of electroacupuncture applied at the Zhongwan acupoint in rat diabetic models [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Electroacupuncture

• Thirty-two patients suffering from osteoarthritis were subjected to electroacupuncture, with or without pretreatment with naloxone or diazepam [15].
• Electroacupuncture ameliorates experimental colitis induced by acetic acid in rat [16].
• Effect of taurine in combination with electroacupuncture on neuronal damage following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats [17].
• Suppressive effects of central opioids on delayed type hypersensitivity to trinitrochlorobenzene: comparative study with morphine and electroacupuncture [18].
• We have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) at the Neiguan-Jianshi (N-J) acupoints over the median nerve reduces myocardial ischemia by modulating the pressor response induced by application of bradykinin on the gallbladder [19].

Biological context of Electroacupuncture

• Immunocytochemical localization of the c-fos primary gene protein, Fos, was used to identify spinal cord and brain-stem sites activated by either 4-Hz or 100-Hz electroacupuncture (EA) applied to the Zusanli acupuncture points of both hind limbs in lightly anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats [20].
• A marked expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene has been recently reported in cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in rats subject to electroacupuncture or noxious thermal stimulation under pentobarbital anaesthesia [21].
• Downregulation of electroacupuncture at ST36 on TNF-alpha in rats with ulcerative colitis [4].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine if the P50 midlatency auditory evoked potential, a sleep state-dependent waveform thought to be generated by the reticular activating system, is modulated after surface stimulation of acupuncture points (ie, electroacupuncture) [22].
• Orthogonal design was used to observe the gastrointestinal peristalsis in normal and atropine-treated mice after electroacupuncture was applied, singly or in combination, at Neiguan (P 6), Pishu (UB 20) and Zusanli (St 36) [23].

Anatomical context of Electroacupuncture

• When a combination of electroacupuncture with 10 nmol AP5 or 100 nmol DNQX was used, the level of Fos expression in the spinal cord induced by carrageenan was significantly lower than electroacupuncture or i.t. injection of AP5 or DNQX alone [24].
• Injection of protein-A purified antibodies against Met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin into the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) was shown to decrease the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) in rabbits [25].
• Immunity and beta-endorphin concentrations in hypothalamus and plasma in rats with steroid-induced polycystic ovaries: effect of low-frequency electroacupuncture [26].
• Potentiation of Akt and suppression of caspase-9 activations by electroacupuncture after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats [27].
• The objective of this study was to examine whether electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation can influence BDNF expression in the hippocampus of rats exposed to immobilization stress [28].

Associations of Electroacupuncture with chemical compounds

• However, successful electroacupuncture was associated with a rise in CSF met-enkephalin levels in all patients studied, although concentrations in blood did not alter [29].
• Substance P, the other neuropeptide of this study, also seems to be important in mediating effects of electroacupuncture [25].
• After noxious stimulation or electroacupuncture, no c-fos enhancement occurred in any of those sites in capsaicin-treated animals, and there was no increased plasma release of adrenocorticotropic hormone [30].
• The purpose of these studies was to determine the role of gracile nucleus and the effects of l-arginine-derived nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in the nucleus on the cardiovascular responses to electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of "Zusanli" (ST36) [31].
• CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that bladder instillation with 1% acetic acid induces fos protein expression in the spinal micturition center of the rat and that electroacupuncture can reduce this expression [32].

Gene context of Electroacupuncture

• The purpose of this study is to determine whether the level of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor expression causes the differences between the responder and non-responder to electroacupuncture mediated analgesic effects [33].
• Electroacupuncture induces the expression of Fos in rat dorsal horn via capsaicin-insensitive afferents [34].
• The association of cholecystokinin-A receptor expression with the responsiveness of electroacupuncture analgesic effects in rat [33].
• These results imply that successive electroacupuncture on ST36 can decrease the serum level of antigen-specific IgE and total IgE by suppression of the Th2 lineage development [35].
• Suppression of IgE production and modulation of Th1/Th2 cell response by electroacupuncture in DNP-KLH immunized mice [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Electroacupuncture

• In the other 3 sessions with vasopressin infusion, 3 different methods of electrical stimulation (short-pulse stimulation, long-pulse stimulation, and electroacupuncture) were applied [10].
• Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8): antagonism to electroacupuncture analgesia and a possible role in electroacupuncture tolerance [36].
• The results of this study demonstrate that capsaicin applied on to the sciatic nerve, intrathecal injection of morphine, electroacupuncture and noxious heat applied to the hindpaw contralateral to the recording side could suppress the P2 wave [37].
• Utilizing push-pull perfusion, we examined secretary profiles of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the nucleus paraventricularis (PVN) of freely moving intact (INT) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and in the meanwhile the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the release patterns of CRH were observed [38].
• Circulating estradiol and hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone enhances along with time after ovariectomy in rats: effects of electroacupuncture [39].

References