Disease relevance of Bone Regeneration

• CONCLUSIONS: The basic fibroblast growth factor sheet offset sternal ischemia and accelerated normal sternal bone regeneration and remodeling, not only by callus formation but also by callus resorption [1].
• We suggest that in the future a resorbable macroporous protective sheet would be advantageous in comparison to a titanium mesh to facilitate bone regeneration by preventing soft-tissue prolapse and allowing the migration of mesenchymal cells and the proliferation of blood vessels from the adjacent soft tissues into the bone defect [2].
• The cavity is filled with methylmethacrylate and corticocancellous onlay grafts until peripheral bone regeneration occurs to provide bone stability and prevent postoperative pathologic fracture [3].
• This study demonstrated that TGF-beta 1 encouraged bone regeneration in Class II furcation defects in sheep, an effect enhanced by the presence of a barrier membrane [4].
• RESULTS: Bone regeneration and ankylosis were significantly increased in jaw quadrants receiving rhBMP-2/ACS compared to control (bone height 4.8+/-0.3 versus 2.0+/-0.2 mm, p=0.001; bone area 10.9+/-1.3 versus 1.4+/-0.1 mm2; p=0.009, and ankylosis 2.2+/-0.2 versus 0.04+/-0.7 mm; p=0.01) [5].

High impact information on Bone Regeneration

• Our results show that although VEGF alone did not improve bone regeneration, it acted synergistically with BMP4 to increase recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells, to enhance cell survival, and to augment cartilage formation in the early stages of endochondral bone formation [6].
• Platelet-derived growth factor inhibits bone regeneration induced by osteogenin, a bone morphogenetic protein, in rat craniotomy defects [7].
• We examined the effect of recombinant BB homodimer PDGF (rPDGF-BB) applied to rat craniotomy defects, treated with and without bovine osteogenin (OG), to see if bone regeneration would be stimulated [7].
• These results show that telomerase expression can overcome critical technical barriers to the ex vivo expansion of BMSSCs, and suggest that telomerase therapy may be a useful strategy for bone regeneration and repair [8].
• To investigate the role of IRS-1 in bone regeneration, fracture was introduced in the tibia, and its healing was compared between wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking the IRS-1 gene (IRS-1(-/-) mice) [9].

Biological context of Bone Regeneration

• When combined with previous findings regarding the effects of strain and of cell and ECM densities on cell migration, proliferation and differentiation, these results indicate two mechanisms by which tissue dilatation may be a key stimulus for bone regeneration: (1) stretching of cells and (2) altering cell and ECM densities [10].
• It was observed that bone regeneration and osseointegration may occur to titanium fixtures placed in surgically-created bone defects [11].
• CONCLUSIONS: These studies show that early OPN and BSP expression and bone regeneration are enhanced by preservation of the PL and that during wound healing the PL contains cells that transiently express some osteoblastic protein markers but not mineralization [12].
• Implantoplasty followed by topical tetracycline decontamination was used in conjunction with guided bone regeneration [13].

Anatomical context of Bone Regeneration

• Combined angiogenic and osteogenic factor delivery enhances bone marrow stromal cell-driven bone regeneration [14].
• BACKGROUND: Some statins have been reported to suppress the immune system and increase the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene that plays a pivotal role in bone regeneration [15].
• In this study, new type of guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes were fabricated by polycaprolactone (PCL)/CaCO3 composite nano-fibers with two different PCL to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) ratios (PCL:CaCO3=75:25 wt% and 25:75 wt%) [16].
• Demineralized bone matrix and bone morphogenetic protein have been used clinically to accelerate bone regeneration [17].
• Thus, the number of stem cells supposedly reduced with increasing age did not appear to affect the overall result of BMP-induced bone regeneration [18].

Associations of Bone Regeneration with chemical compounds

• In this study, 30 skeletally mature beagles (1-2 or 10-12 years old) had titanium implants placed bilaterally in the proximal humerus for a period of 4 weeks in a model of intramembranous bone regeneration [19].
• We report here a regulated stem cell-based system for controlling bone regeneration, utilizing genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) harboring a tetracycline-regulated expression vector encoding the osteogenic growth factor human BMP-2 [20].
• Following in vivo transplantation of genetically engineered MSCs, doxycycline administration controlled both bone formation and bone regeneration [20].
• These results suggest that platelet-released catalase can rapidly neutralize cytotoxic amounts of H(2)O(2), a process that may play a role during the early stages of bone regeneration [21].
• These findings suggest that natural apatite is more suitable for bone filling or bone regeneration than synthetic hydroxyapatite [22].

Gene context of Bone Regeneration

• Bone regeneration requires interactions between a number of factors including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth factors, and transcriptional regulators such as Runx2/Cbfal (Runx2) [23].
• Viral delivery of the therapeutic gene bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a promising approach for bone regeneration [24].
• Our findings suggest that BMP-6 and BMP-9 may represent more effective osteogenic factors for bone regeneration [25].
• Thus, Mepe appears to play a role in both long bone regeneration and the latter stages of skeletogenesis [26].
• Future strategies to stimulate bone regeneration should take the suppression of BMP-induced osteogenic differentiation during the existence of the blood clot into account [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bone Regeneration

• Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite delivery of BMP-2-producing cells: a regional gene therapy approach to bone regeneration [28].
• Successful bone regeneration was observed at bone defect treated with gelatin hydrogel incorporating PRP, in marked contrast to the control groups [29].
• The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the carrier in a cell-based bone regeneration approach, whereby we hypothesize that CaP-ceramic implants will induce more bone formation than Ti-fiber implants, in the same animal model as our previous experiment [30].
• We conclude that gelatin microspheres containing TGF-beta1 show promise as an agent to promote bone regeneration of subcritical size defects between surgically positioned autologous bone flaps and surrounding host bone [31].
• Eight weeks after treatment, the gelatin hydrogels with water contents of 90 and 95 wt% induced significantly high bone regeneration compared with those with lower and higher water contents and free TGF-beta1 [32].

References