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MeSH Review

Twins, Monozygotic

 
 
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Disease relevance of Twins, Monozygotic

 

Psychiatry related information on Twins, Monozygotic

 

High impact information on Twins, Monozygotic

  • We found a nonsense mutation in IRF6 in the affected twin of a pair of monozygotic twins who were discordant for VWS [11].
  • The tendency of IDDM to cluster in families and the modest (36%) concordance rate in monozygotic twins indicates that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to IDDM susceptibility [12].
  • We conducted a three-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of calcium supplementation (1000 mg of calcium citrate malate per day) on bone mineral density in 70 pairs of identical twins (mean [+/- SD] age, 10 +/- 2 years; range, 6 to 14) [13].
  • We therefore measured interleukin-2 production in 27 patients with Type I diabetes, 20 patients with Type II diabetes (6 requiring insulin), 5 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for Type I diabetes, and 10 nondiabetic persons with islet-cell antibodies [14].
  • To detect abnormalities in the secretion of insulin and growth hormone in monozygotic twin siblings of patients with juvenile-onset diabetes, their responses during oral, cortisone-primed oral, and intravenous, glucose tolerance tests and intravenous tolbutamide tests were compared to those of matched controls [15].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Twins, Monozygotic

 

Biological context of Twins, Monozygotic

  • Consistent with evidence for extrathymic peripheral expansion of selective TCR-gamma/delta subsets, no link between MHC haplotype and differences in the TCR-gamma/delta V gene usage between individuals was apparent, and identical twins displayed TCR-gamma/delta variable gene segment phenotypes that were strikingly different from one another [21].
  • Supportive evidence showing that beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance may have different effects on fasting and post-prandial glucose concentrations comes from studies of identical twins of NIDDM patients, hemi-pancreatectomised normal subjects, and insulin-resistant Asian subjects [22].
  • It has been assumed that these female dystrophinopathy patients are heterozygous carriers who show preferential inactivation of the X chromosome harboring the normal dystrophin gene, although this has been shown for only a few X:autosome translocations and for two cases of discordant monozygotic twin female carriers [23].
  • Fetal origins of the TEL-AML1 fusion gene in identical twins with leukemia [24].
  • All genotype examinations were consistent with the diagnosis of monozygotic twins, suggesting that some nongenetic factors may be important for different adrenoleukodystrophy phenotypes [25].
 

Anatomical context of Twins, Monozygotic

  • In this study, the fine specificity of this response is studied using four well-characterized, monospecific T cell lines from three MS patients and an identical twin of a patient [26].
  • In the present experiments, we applied a novel anchored PCR-ELISA system to compare the heavy chain V gene (V(H)) subgroup repertoires of mu and gamma expressing B lymphocytes from ten pairs of adult monozygotic twins, including eight pairs who are concordant or discordant for rheumatoid arthritis [27].
  • INTERVENTIONS: Symptomatic patients were treated with zidovudine, 500 mg orally every 4 hours for 12 weeks, combined with six peripheral blood lymphocyte infusions (four at week 10, two at week 12) and bone marrow transplantation (at week 12) using HIV-seronegative identical twins as donors [28].
  • In skin fibroblasts from five monozygotic twin pairs discordant for BWS, each affected twin had an imprinting defect at KCNQ1OT1 on 11p15, whereas the unaffected twin did not [29].
  • In humans, insulin-stimulated cathepsin L expression in skeletal muscle is impaired in diabetic but not in nondiabetic monozygotic twins, suggesting that the changes may be secondary to impaired glucose metabolism [30].
 

Associations of Twins, Monozygotic with chemical compounds

 

Gene context of Twins, Monozygotic

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Twins, Monozygotic

References

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  13. Calcium supplementation and increases in bone mineral density in children. Johnston, C.C., Miller, J.Z., Slemenda, C.W., Reister, T.K., Hui, S., Christian, J.C., Peacock, M. N. Engl. J. Med. (1992) [Pubmed]
  14. Acquired defect in interleukin-2 production in patients with type I diabetes mellitus. Kaye, W.A., Adri, M.N., Soeldner, J.S., Rabinowe, S.L., Kaldany, A., Kahn, C.R., Bistrian, B., Srikanta, S., Ganda, O.P., Eisenbarth, G.S. N. Engl. J. Med. (1986) [Pubmed]
  15. Serum insulin and growth hormone response patterns in monozygotic twin siblings of patients with juvenile-onset diabetes. Johansen, K., Soeldner, J.S., Gleason, R.E., Gottlieb, M.S., Park, B.N., Kaufmann, R.L., Tan, M.H. N. Engl. J. Med. (1975) [Pubmed]
  16. Folic acid blinded trial in identical twins with fragile X syndrome. Rosenblatt, D.S., Duschenes, E.A., Hellstrom, F.V., Golick, M.S., Vekemans, M.J., Zeesman, S.F., Andermann, E. Am. J. Hum. Genet. (1985) [Pubmed]
  17. KVLQT1 mutations in three families with familial or sporadic long QT syndrome. Russell, M.W., Dick, M., Collins, F.S., Brody, L.C. Hum. Mol. Genet. (1996) [Pubmed]
  18. Results of isoproterenol tilt table testing in monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome. Poole, J., Herrell, R., Ashton, S., Goldberg, J., Buchwald, D. Arch. Intern. Med. (2000) [Pubmed]
  19. Evidence for genetic factors explaining the association between birth weight and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and possible intrauterine factors influencing the association between birth weight and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: analysis in twins. IJzerman, R.G., Stehouwer, C.D., Van Weissenbruch, M.M., De Geus, E.J., Boomsma, D.I. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (2001) [Pubmed]
  20. Marrow transplantation for stable-phase chronic granulocytic leukemia. Armitage, J.O., Klassen, L.W., Patil, S.R., Kugler, J.W., Gingrich, R.D., Ahmann, G.B., Fyfe, M.A., Tewfik, H.H. Exp. Hematol. (1984) [Pubmed]
  21. Evidence for extrathymic changes in the T cell receptor gamma/delta repertoire. Parker, C.M., Groh, V., Band, H., Porcelli, S.A., Morita, C., Fabbi, M., Glass, D., Strominger, J.L., Brenner, M.B. J. Exp. Med. (1990) [Pubmed]
  22. Insulin resistance as the major cause of impaired glucose tolerance: a self-fulfilling prophesy? O'Rahilly, S., Hattersley, A., Vaag, A., Gray, H. Lancet (1994) [Pubmed]
  23. Detection of new paternal dystrophin gene mutations in isolated cases of dystrophinopathy in females. Pegoraro, E., Schimke, R.N., Arahata, K., Hayashi, Y., Stern, H., Marks, H., Glasberg, M.R., Carroll, J.E., Taber, J.W., Wessel, H.B. Am. J. Hum. Genet. (1994) [Pubmed]
  24. Fetal origins of the TEL-AML1 fusion gene in identical twins with leukemia. Ford, A.M., Bennett, C.A., Price, C.M., Bruin, M.C., Van Wering, E.R., Greaves, M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1998) [Pubmed]
  25. Cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) in only one of monozygotic twins with an identical ALD genotype. Korenke, G.C., Fuchs, S., Krasemann, E., Doerr, H.G., Wilichowski, E., Hunneman, D.H., Hanefeld, F. Ann. Neurol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  26. A myelin basic protein peptide is recognized by cytotoxic T cells in the context of four HLA-DR types associated with multiple sclerosis. Martin, R., Howell, M.D., Jaraquemada, D., Flerlage, M., Richert, J., Brostoff, S., Long, E.O., McFarlin, D.E., McFarland, H.F. J. Exp. Med. (1991) [Pubmed]
  27. The human immunoglobulin V(H) gene repertoire is genetically controlled and unaltered by chronic autoimmune stimulation. Kohsaka, H., Carson, D.A., Rassenti, L.Z., Ollier, W.E., Chen, P.P., Kipps, T.J., Miyasaka, N. J. Clin. Invest. (1996) [Pubmed]
  28. Syngeneic bone marrow transplantation and adoptive transfer of peripheral blood lymphocytes combined with zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Lane, H.C., Zunich, K.M., Wilson, W., Cefali, F., Easter, M., Kovacs, J.A., Masur, H., Leitman, S.F., Klein, H.G., Steis, R.G. Ann. Intern. Med. (1990) [Pubmed]
  29. Discordant KCNQ1OT1 imprinting in sets of monozygotic twins discordant for Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Weksberg, R., Shuman, C., Caluseriu, O., Smith, A.C., Fei, Y.L., Nishikawa, J., Stockley, T.L., Best, L., Chitayat, D., Olney, A., Ives, E., Schneider, A., Bestor, T.H., Li, M., Sadowski, P., Squire, J. Hum. Mol. Genet. (2002) [Pubmed]
  30. Impaired cathepsin L gene expression in skeletal muscle is associated with type 2 diabetes. Huang, X., Vaag, A., Carlsson, E., Hansson, M., Ahrén, B., Groop, L. Diabetes (2003) [Pubmed]
  31. Cardiac dimension changes with endurance training. Indications of a genotype dependency. Landry, F., Bouchard, C., Dumesnil, J. JAMA (1985) [Pubmed]
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  38. "Homozygosity" for the HLA-DR shared epitope contributes the highest risk for rheumatoid arthritis concordance in identical twins. Jawaheer, D., Thomson, W., MacGregor, A.J., Carthy, D., Davidson, J., Dyer, P.A., Silman, A.J., Ollier, W.E. Arthritis Rheum. (1994) [Pubmed]
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