Disease relevance of Molar

• The inactivated hemagglutinating-virus of Japan (HVJ) envelope vector containing the mouse RANKL expression plasmid was injected periodically into the palatal periodontal tissue of the upper first molars during TM [1].
• Periodontal disease was produced in rats by tying silk ligatures around the two maxillary first molars and placing the animals on a high sucrose diet for 14 weeks [2].
• Dental plaque and caries on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars in relation to stage of eruption [3].
• The occlusal surfaces of partly and fully erupted first right permanent molars were examined with respect to the occurrence and distribution of plaque and dental caries in a group of 57 six- to eight-year-old children [3].
• PGG glucan-treated animals had significantly less infection-stimulated periapical bone resorption than control animals, as determined radiographically (-48.0%; p < 0.001) and by histomorphometry (-40.8% and -42.4% for first and second molars, respectively; p < 0.001) [4].

High impact information on Molar

• In organs and structures strongly hybridizing to c-myc probes, for example the fetal part of the placenta, gut, liver, kidney, pancreas, submandibular glands, enamel organs of the molars, and skeletal cartilage, the level of expression depended on the stage of development [5].
• Normal development of maxillary molars in the absence of activin shows a position specific role for this pathway in development of dentition [6].
• Patient 2 was given Factor VIIa concurrent with tranexamic acid in association with the extraction of two primary molars [7].
• The missing molars are arrested at different developmental stages and posterior molars are consistently arrested at an earlier stage, suggesting that a reduction of Pax9 gene dosage affects the dental field as a whole [8].
• Heterozygous animals appear normal, whereas Nfic(-/-) mice have unique tooth pathologies: molars lacking roots, thin and brittle mandibular incisors, and weakened abnormal maxillary incisors [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Molar

• Exposure to low levels of fluoride and dental caries in deciduous molars of Tanzanian children [10].
• Gingival recession was most prevalent at mandibular anterior teeth, whereas gingival margin coronal to CEJ was most frequently observed at second molars and maxillary incisors [11].
• Dental caries and mutans streptococci in the proximal areas of molars affected by the habitual use of xylitol chewing gum [12].
• Thirty-three primary mandibular molars were amputated under the following conditions: (1) chronic coronal pulpitis, (2) the amputation was done with diamond instruments and a high-speed machine under aseptic conditions, and (3) application of calcium hydroxide in contact with the wound surface [13].
• Three extracted molars were cleaned, placed into a 96-hour broth culture of Streptococcus mutans, and stain was produced with undiluted chlorhexidine rinse, concentrated coffee and tea for a period of 23 days [14].

Biological context of Molar

• Hepatocyte growth factor is involved in the morphogenesis of tooth germ in murine molars [15].
• In addition, we identify a novel downstream target of activin signalling, the Iroquois-related homeobox gene, Irx1, and show that its expression in activin betaA mutant embryos is lost in all tooth germs, including the maxillary molars [16].
• Previous studies have clearly established the down-regulating effect of a sucrose-rich diet on primary dentinogenesis in rat molars [17].
• Calbindin-D28 kappa localization in rat molars during odontogenesis [18].
• We tested this hypothesis by conducting a whole genome scan of FA of size and shape of the mandibular molars in house mice from an F2 intercross population generated from crossing the Large (LG/J) and Small (SM/J) inbred strains [19].

Anatomical context of Molar

• The transgenic tabby mice showed almost complete restoration of hair growth, dermal ridges, sweat glands and molars [20].
• In situ hybridization experiments described in the present study also localized the amelin message to epithelial cells adjacent to the peripheral surface of newly deposited dentin in the root end and to cells embedded in cellular cementum in molars [21].
• The average steady-wear rate on occlusal contact areas was about 29 microns per year for molars and about 15 microns per year for premolars [22].
• The presence of tubulin-, vimentin-, and actin-containing structures extending to the dentino-enamel junction supports the hypothesis that the odontoblast process does extend to the dentino-enamel junction in the human, and is in agreement with earlier studies of rat molars [23].
• Northern blotting showed the presence of CRT mRNA in rat molars, which was confirmed by in situ hybridization in odontoblasts and ameloblasts [24].

Associations of Molar with chemical compounds

• The associations of estrogen use and tooth retention are evident for all but the molars [25].
• The maxillary molars of rats were inoculated with P. gingivalis and exposed to up to 48 J of 630-nm laser light in the presence of toluidine blue [26].
• Occlusal wear of the molars in long-term diabetic rats was significantly increased as compared with that in the controls [27].
• Effect of inhibition of net calcium uptake on net fluoride uptake in developing rat molars [28].
• Coronal pulps were removed from 120 primary and permanent molars with a known pain history [29].

Gene context of Molar

• By contrast, rodent incisors and vole molars demonstrate continuous growth, owing to the formation and maintenance of a stem cell compartment by the constant expression of Fgf10 [30].
• Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed on embryonic day 13 to 1-day-old first molars using Dmp1- and DSPP-specific primer sets [31].
• Shh expression was absent from the epithelial enamel knot in lower molars of Runx2 mutant and reduced in upper molars [32].
• Furthermore, mice lacking both Dlx-1 and -2 have unique abnormalities, including the absence of maxillary molars [33].
• These differences between mutant upper and lower molars may be explained by the substitution of Runx2 function by Runx3, another member of the runt gene family that was upregulated in upper but not lower molars of Runx2 mutants [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Molar

• Coronal surfaces of extracted human molars from experimental and control groups were pumiced, sterilized, and incubated for two hours at 37 C in parotid saliva and distilled water, respectively [34].
• At day 8, the gingivomucosal tissue encircling the mandibular 1st molars was removed on both sides from ligated and sham operated animals for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity assay and for immunocytochemistry with anti-iNOS serum [35].
• Second, we used combined retrograde transport of DiI from the molar pulp and GFAP immunofluorescence to show direct correspondence between neurons that innervate the molars and neurons that are encircled by GFAP-IR satellite cells [36].
• In Part II, the baseline sample size included posterior composite restorations placed in 92 primary and 95 permanent molars in all children (ages 7-10) [37].
• The present study investigated, by immunoelectron microscopy, the localization of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) in periodontal Ruffini endings in rat molars during experimental tooth movement [38].

References