Disease relevance of Sebical

• The allantoin regulon of Escherichia coli, formed by three operons expressed from promoters allA(P), gcl(P) and allD(P), is involved in the anaerobic utilization of allantoin as nitrogen source [1].
• Isolation of a chromosomal region of Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with allantoin metabolism and liver infection [2].
• Two homogeneous species were found and tentatively listed as Pseudomonas sp. 1 and Pseudomonas sp. 2, and these were differentiated by gelatin and starch hydrolysis, oxidation of mannitol, and alkalinization of allantoin [3].
• The results reported here are similar to those reported previously by our laboratory for the effects of Reye's plasma and allantoin + Ca2+, and indicate that, like these agents, salicylate and salicyl compounds can potentiate the Ca2+-induced damage to the mitochondrial inner membrane and may be another factor responsible for Reye's syndrome [4].
• Metabolism of allantoin in Hyphomicrobium species [5].

High impact information on Sebical

• Six of the eight genes involved in allantoin degradation, which were previously scattered around the genome, became relocated to a single subtelomeric site in an ancestor of S. cerevisiae and Saccharomyces castellii [6].
• The DAL cluster is the largest metabolic gene cluster in yeast and consists of six adjacent genes encoding proteins that enable Saccharomyces cerevisiae to use allantoin as a nitrogen source [6].
• The lack of conversion of radioactive urate to allantoin after microinjections was demonstrated by thin-layer chromatography [7].
• Transport of (14)C-labeled allantoin by AtUPS1 in yeast exhibited saturation kinetics (K(m) approximately 52 microM), was dependent on Glc and a proton gradient, and was stimulated by acidic pH [8].
• The gene coding for urate oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin, is inactivated in humans [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Sebical

• Genetic analysis of a chromosomal region containing genes required for assimilation of allantoin nitrogen and linked glyoxylate metabolism in Escherichia coli [10].
• Glyoxylate, formed as a result of allantoin degradation, is converted by Hyphomicrobium species to glycerate via tartronate semialdehyde [11].
• The aims of the present study were to evaluate the allantoin changes in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as to examine plasma levels of ascorbic acid (AA) and its oxidation product, dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), in infants with or without chronic lung disease (CLD) during the first week of life [12].
• Rasburicase, a recombinant uricase (which catalyses the conversion of uric acid to the more readily excreted allantoin) is available for prevention of tumour lysis syndrome [13].
• The secondary ischemia was associated with an increase of hypoxanthine followed by increasing allantoin and uric acid levels [14].

Biological context of Sebical

• Its simple pattern of expression prompted us to use this gene for identifying the element(s) that mediates transcriptional activation of allantoin system genes [15].
• The pharmacokinetics of Rasburicase, the urinary excretion rate of allantoin, and antibodies to Rasburicase were also studied [16].
• Allantoin pathway gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to two different environmental stimuli [17].
• This property can be exploited to determine if specific sites are accessible to the psoralon probe in vivo and thus to establish if specific nucleotide sequences are nucleosome associated [18].
• Since the DAL81 product was not an allantoin pathway-specific regulatory factor, the DAL82 product was considered as the more likely candidate to be the DAL UIS binding protein [19].

Anatomical context of Sebical

• It was concluded that, under basal conditions, the cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase present in the liver cell continuously produces adenosine, which is immediately reconverted into AMP by adenosine kinase, without giving rise to allantoin [20].
• The concentrations of uric acid and allantoin in human serum and synovial fluid are reported [21].
• We found that onset of nutrient starvation brought about release of large quantities of arginine and allantoin normally sequestered in the cell vacuole [22].
• Our data show, therefore, that allantoin, salicylates, and the "toxic" agent in Reye's plasma severely limit the ability of isolated rat liver mitochondria to maintain their structural integrity under conditions of limited Ca2+ loading [23].
• Factors affecting application of milk allantoin as an estimator of microbial protein flow to the duodenum under commercial conditions [24].

Associations of Sebical with other chemical compounds

• Therefore, AtUPS1 presumably is involved in the uptake of allantoin and other purine degradation products when primary sources are limiting [8].
• Degradation of allantoin, allantoate, or urea by Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the participation of four enzymes and four transport systems [25].
• By using this fragment as a hybridization probe, we found that oxalurate, a gratuitous inducer of the allantoin degradative system, also serves to induce URA3 specific RNA [26].
• The uptake of Urd into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mediated by Fui1p, a Urd-specific nucleoside transporter encoded by the FUI1 gene and a member of the yeast Fur permease family, which also includes the uracil, allantoin, and thiamine permeases [27].
• Allantoinase catalyzes the hydrolysis of allantoin to allantoic acid, a reaction important in both biogenesis and degradation of ureides [28].

Gene context of Sebical

• During this work a new gene (DAL7) was identified and found to be regulated in the manner expected for an allantoin pathway gene [29].
• Most of the work leading to the above conclusions has employed inducer-independent allantoin pathway genes (e.g. DAL5 and DAL3) [17].
• This observation identified transcriptional activation as the most likely point of GLN3 participation in the expression of allantoin system genes [30].
• DAL82, a second gene required for induction of allantoin system gene transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [31].
• Expression of DUR3 is regulated in a manner similar to that of other genes in the allantoin pathway [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sebical

• There was a strong linear correlation (r2 = 0.92) between cytosolic P(i) level and allantoin release rate during ethanol perfusion [33].
• Xenografts pretreated with either allantoin or anthralin showed an increase in the major 7R- and 7S-BPDE I adducts compared to only BPDE I treatment [34].
• The regions spanning the deletions involving the allantoin operon and the fljAB operon were PCR amplified and sequenced [35].
• In graft tissue and recipient blood allantoin, a uric acid metabolite, was significantly lower in the NAC group vs the mannitol and saline groups (p <0.05) [36].
• Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that the zinc enzyme utilizes only the S isomer of allantoin, whereas the cobalt allantoinase prefers the S isomer, but also hydrolyzes the R isomer at about 1/10 the rate [37].

References