Disease relevance of C01819

• As indoleamine derivatives, they could have endogenous roles in idiopathic parkinsonism [1].
• Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase [indoleamine: oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)] activity in the supernatant fraction (30,000 X g, 30 min) of mouse lung homogenate increased approximately 120-fold after infection with PR8 influenza virus [2].
• Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enhances elimination of virus-infected macrophages in an animal model of HIV-1 encephalitis [3].
• Under direct microscopic control, intracellular injection of Lucifer yellow into the labeled cells revealed that the indoleamine-accumulating neurons comprise 2 distinct morphological types of amacrine cell and 1 class of ganglion cell [4].
• The inhibition of NO levels may account for the protection of the indoleamine against LPS-induced endotoxemia in rats [5].

Psychiatry related information on C01819

• CONCLUSIONS: While the prevailing view was that the activation of 5-HT(2) receptors is solely responsible for hallucinogenic drug effects, these results support a role for 5-HT(1A) receptors in the effects of the indoleamine hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT on locomotor activity and PPI in rats [6].
• The effects of psychological stress on catecholamine and indoleamine metabolism were examined in various brain regions of rats [7].
• As such, monitoring tryptophan metabolism in chronic immunopathology provides a better understanding of the association between immune activation and IDO and its role in the development of immunodeficiency, anemia and mood disorders [8].
• To further characterize the effects of this indoleamine on the macrostructure of feeding, a computer-automated data acquisition system was used to analyze macronutrient feeding patterns in freely feeding animals maintained on the pure diets of protein, carbohydrate, and fat [9].
• The data show that systemic chronic immune activation in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease is associated with significant degradation of tryptophan, which is most likely due to activation of indoleamine (2,3)-dioxygenase by immunologic stimuli [10].

High impact information on C01819

• Recent evidence in vertebrates suggests that the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus and the avian pineal gland contain clocks that affect the rhythmicity of indoleamine metabolism [11].
• Rapid T cell-induced rejection of all allogeneic concepti occurred when pregnant mice were treated with a pharmacologic inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme expressed by trophoblasts and macrophages [12].
• Cholinergic markers in neocortex were reduced, while catecholamine and indoleamine metabolism was largely unaffected at this time [13].
• We show here that fetal allografts were rejected only in mating combinations where paternally inherited tissue antigens elicited potent maternal T cell responses after exposure to IDO inhibitor [14].
• Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) activity during pregnancy protects developing fetuses from maternal immune responses in CBA mice [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of C01819

• Tryptophan recycling is responsible for the interferon-gamma resistance of Chlamydia psittaci GPIC in indoleamine dioxygenase-expressing host cells [15].
• Myoclonus after 5-hydroxytryptophan in rats with lesions of indoleamine neurons in the central nervous system [16].
• When melatonin (10 or 100 mg/kg BW) was orally administered to the ANIT-injected rats at 12 hr after the injection, the administered indoleamine dose-dependently prevented the formation of liver injury with cholestasis [17].
• Alterations in brain 5HT and tryptamine content during indoleamine-induced myoclonus in guinea pigs [18].
• It is suggested that myoclonus induced by tryptamine in guinea pigs pretreated with pargyline involves activation of post-synaptic indoleamine receptors by tryptamine by a mechanism which requires intact presynaptic function of 5HT [19].

Biological context of C01819

• There is a large-amplitude circadian rhythm of indoleamine metabolism in the retina-pigment epithelium of the chicken [20].
• Viral transduction of mDCs results in up-regulation of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme, which down-regulates T-cell responsiveness [21].
• Interferon (IFN)-gamma induces the expression of the indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (INDO) gene in human cells, which plays a role in the inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma on intracellular pathogens and on cell proliferation [22].
• Dendritic cell-derived indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) suppresses naive T cell proliferation and induces their apoptosis by catalyzing tryptophan, and hence is essential for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance [23].
• Monooxygenase activities of dioxygenases. Benzphetamine demethylation and aniline hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase [24].

Anatomical context of C01819

• Starburst cells made up 3%, indoleamine-accumulating cells made up 4%, and AII cells made up 11% of all amacrine cells [25].
• A two-step induction of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) activity during dendritic-cell maturation [26].
• An indoleamine system in photoreceptor cell terminals of the Long-Evans rat retina [27].
• The dendrites of all of the indoleamine-accumulating cells were then simultaneously visible [28].
• By means of suppression subtractive hybridization, we identified kynurenine 3-monooxygenase and subsequently indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) to be overexpressed in FcepsilonRI-activated monocytes [29].

Associations of C01819 with other chemical compounds

• Here we found that PA-SMCs from patients with PPH grow faster than PA-SMCs from controls when stimulated by serotonin or serum and that these effects are due to increased expression of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), which mediates internalization of indoleamine [30].
• Dopaminergic and indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cells express GABA-like immunoreactivity in the cat retina [31].
• The participation of superoxide anion (O2-) in the intracellular indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity was studied using the dispersed cell suspension of the rabbit small intestine [32].
• Magnetic and natural circular dichroism of L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. II. Spectra of their ferric cyanide and ferrous carbon monoxide complexes and an oxygenated form [33].
• The MADRS score significantly increased during IFN-alpha treatment as did the KYN/TRP ratio, reflecting IDO activity, and the KYN/KA ratio, reflecting the neurotoxic challenge [34].

Gene context of C01819

• Cells expressing CTLA4-KDEL do not up-regulate the indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase enzyme, unlike cells treated with soluble CTLA4-immunoglobin (Ig) [35].
• An antibody to IFN-gamma, but not IFN-alpha, inhibited the induction of IDO activity by this secreted factor [36].
• In both cell lines, IFN-gamma induced the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity [37].
• The IL-1-mediated inhibition of IDO activity and of subsequent antibacterial effect is due to the production of NO [38].
• The most prominent gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-induced antimicrobial effector mechanisms are the induction of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) and of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of C01819

• By promoting antitumor immune responses in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy, IDO inhibitors may offer a drug-based strategy to more effectively attack systemic cancer [39].
• The indoleamine levels were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection [40].
• IDO helps protect murine fetuses from rejection by the maternal immune system and can promote tolerance and immunosuppression [41].
• While melatonin perfusion did not statistically significantly influence neostriatal levels of TAU and ARG, GLN levels continued to drop during the infusion of the indoleamine [42].
• Regional brain indoleamine metabolism following chronic portacaval anastomosis in the rat [43].

References