Disease relevance of nafcillin

• Neutropenia probably resulting from nafcillin [1].
• Increased amounts of a novel penicillin-binding protein in a strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus exposed to nafcillin [2].
• Disposition of nafcillin in patients with cirrhosis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction [3].
• The initial volume of distribution of nafcillin (V1) was unaltered but at steady state (Vd()) there was a significant reduction in the distribution volume in the patients with liver disease [3].
• These results support the recommendation to use nafcillin in doses of at least 100 to 200 mg/kg body weight-day for treatment of meningitis caused by S. aureus [4].

High impact information on nafcillin

• The combinations of gentamicin sulfate, nafcillin sodium, or vancomycin hydrochloride with rifampin prevented the emergence of rifampin resistance in vitro and promoted enhanced killing when compared with either antibiotic alone [5].
• Addition of nafcillin to cultures of this strain caused a rapid increase in the amount of this PBP in cell membranes [2].
• Slime-producing CNS were recovered from PVC catheters after overnight incubation in cidal concentrations (greater than 4.0 micrograms/ml) of nafcillin (average 350 colony-forming units per 1 cm) [6].
• This study assessed the effect of cirrhosis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction in man on the pharmacokinetics of nafcillin [3].
• His prothrombin time ranged between 14 and 17 s (control, 12 s) despite an increase in his warfarin dosage to 25 mg/d. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the decreased hypoprothrombinemic effect of warfarin was most likely due to rapid metabolism of the anticoagulant induced by nafcillin [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of nafcillin

• Neutropenia after consecutive treatment courses with nafcillin and piperacillin [8].
• Coagulase-positive staphylococci associated with toxic shock syndrome had minimal inhibitory concentrations of 0.06 microgram/mL or less to rifampin, 0.25 microgram/mL or less to gentamicin, and 0.50 microgram/mL or less to both nafcillin and clindamycin [9].
• Vertebral osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus was suppressed by not cured by optimal therapy with nafcillin sodium; cure eventually was achieved by treatment with cefazolin sodium and gentamicin sulfate [10].
• The efficacy of ticarcillin-clavulanic acid was compared with the efficacies of standard antistaphylococcal agents (flucloxacillin, oxacillin, nafcillin, and vancomycin) and ticarcillin in an experimental model of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis [11].
• Aztreonam did not affect the activity of nafcillin against Staphylococcus aureus, or of ampicillin against species of Streptococcus group B or D [12].

Biological context of nafcillin

• Renal failure, hemodialysis, and nafcillin kinetics [13].
• Fourteen hydrocephalic pediatric patients with suspected shunt infections were studied for penetrance of nafcillin into the ventricular fluid after intravenous administration [14].
• We introduced mecA expressed on the low-copy-number plasmid pYK20 into each MSSA strain and assayed the phenotype of resistance to nafcillin by population analysis to assess the relationship between the stability of mecA expression and genetic background [15].
• Subsequent bleeding times and platelet aggregation studies confirmed the nafcillin-induced platelet dysfunction [16].
• At baseline, patients with MSSA treated with vancomycin had more chronic conditions (p<0.01), a lower frequency of intravenous drug use (p<0.01), a lower hematocrit concentration (p<0.05), and a higher serum creatinine concentration (p<0.05) than the nafcillin group [17].

Anatomical context of nafcillin

• Penicillin or nafcillin was administered to 14 additional rabbits with cellulitis of the right upper extremity [18].
• In a 4-day treatment regimen, teicoplanin was as effective as either nafcillin or vancomycin in eliminating organisms from aortic valve vegetations in the respective infection [19].
• Neither ampicillin alone (in 19 animals) nor nafcillin alone (in 20 animals) sterilized the blood or cerebrospinal fluid of any treated infant rat [20].
• Treatment with nafcillin in combination with vancomycin cleared bloodstream infections within 24 h and sterilized 12/13 spleens (92%), as well as 8/13 kidneys (62%), following 3 days of treatment [21].
• After treatment, S. aureus was found on bone marrow cultures from 19 of 20 control rabbits, 6 of 20 treated with A-56619, 14 of 20 treated with A-56620, and 8 of 20 treated with nafcillin [22].

Associations of nafcillin with other chemical compounds

• This is vivo result correlated with in vitro observations that showed that the infecting organism was inhibited but not killed by prolonged incubation with nafcillin or cefazolin; killing was readily achieved in vitro by adding subinhibitory concentrations of gentamicin [10].
• For 187 patients receiving therapy empirically, mean hospital charges for the interval in which the trial antibiotics were used were $3,550 +/- $1,740 for cefotaxime and $3,160 +/- $1,990 for nafcillin and tobramycin [23].
• To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of cefotaxime sodium at a dosage of 12 g/day vs nafcillin sodium and tobramycin sulfate for the treatment of serious infection, the hospital and physician charges of patients enrolled in a prospective, randomized, clinical trial were analyzed [23].
• Comparative in vitro activity of nafcillin, oxacillin, and methicillin in combination with gentamicin and tobramycin against enterococci [24].
• Concentrations of ampicillin, penicillin G, oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, and methicillin in ascitic fluid and serum were each determined in three animals [25].

Gene context of nafcillin

• Three treatments were assessed: 27 nafcillin-treated courses of MSSA endocarditis, 18 vancomycin-treated courses of MSSA endocarditis, and 11 vancomycin-treated courses of MRSA endocarditis [17].
• Identification of the site of covalent attachment of nafcillin, a reversible suicide inhibitor of beta-lactamase [26].
• When donor and recipient cells were treated with nafcillin before conjugation, the frequency was increased nearly 10-fold [27].
• The reversible inhibition of beta-lactamase I from Bacillus cereus by cloxacillin, methicillin, and nafcillin has been systematically investigated [28].
• Sera from animals treated with ampicillin plus CP-45,899, but not from those treated with nafcillin plus gentamicin, had bactericidal activity against two nafcillin-resistant strains of S. aureus at 1 hr [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of nafcillin

• The minimum inhibitory concentrations of nafcillin tended to be higher for the protease hyperproducing strains, but these values could be reduced by the protease inhibitor [30].
• At equilibirum the rate of uptake of penicillin G, cephalothin, and nafcillin by these organs was about 80% of the rate of intravenous infusion of each antibiotic [31].
• New rapid assay for nafcillin in serum by spectrofluorometry [32].
• The degree of renal dysfunction during the early postoperative period was significantly greater in the lung recipients receiving nafcillin [33].
• Bactericidal activity (observed only with nafcillin plus S. aureus NT) was associated with lower bacterial counts in vegetations at four days but was otherwise unrelated to therapeutic outcome [34].

References