Disease relevance of Indian Ocean

• A series of patients affected by a muscular dystrophy, similar to the original description of a juvenile scapulo-humeral form by Erb in 1884 and fitting with the criteria used to define limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, was discovered in a small community living in the southern part of Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean [1].
• Therefore, we examined KAP on hypertension in a random sample of 1067 adults aged 25 to 64 years from the Seychelles Islands (Indian Ocean) [2].
• A natural compound from the Red Sea sponge Ircinia sp., 2-hexaprenylhydroquinone (HPH), has been shown to be a general inhibitor of retroviral reverse transcriptases (from HIV-1, HIV-2 and murine leukaemia virus) as well as of cellular DNA polymerases (Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, and DNA polymerases alpha and beta) [3].
• The impact of infectious diseases on the health of U.S. troops deployed to the Persian Gulf during operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm [4].
• Is systemic lupus erythematosus, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or fibromyalgia associated with Persian Gulf War service? An examination of Department of Defense hospitalization data [5].

Psychiatry related information on Indian Ocean

• Consideration of this phenomenon becomes urgent in view of the large-scale prophylactic use of the anti-ChE, pyridostigmine, during the 1991 Persian Gulf War, in anticipation of nerve gas attack and of the anti-ChE, tacrine, for improving residual cholinergic neurotransmission in Alzheimer's disease patients [6].
• Salivary cortisol and PTSD symptoms in Persian Gulf War combatants [7].

High impact information on Indian Ocean

• During the last ice age, the Indian Ocean southwest monsoon exhibited abrupt changes that were closely correlated with millennial-scale climate events in the North Atlantic region, suggesting a mechanistic link [8].
• Unexpectedly, under a similar regimen, pyridostigmine administration during the Persian Gulf War resulted in a greater than threefold increase in the frequency of reported central nervous system symptoms [9].
• Two toxins, latrunculins A and B, which contain a new class of 16- and 14-membered marine macrolides attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety, were purified recently from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica [10].
• OBJECTIVE--To determine cause-specific mortality rates among US troops stationed in the Persian Gulf region and compare them with those of US troops serving elsewhere during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm [11].
• Atropine poisoning in children during the Persian Gulf crisis. A national survey in Israel [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Indian Ocean

• Two new sesquiterpene hydroquinones, peyssonol A and peyssonol B, of the Red Sea algae Peyssonelia sp., have been shown to be potent inhibitors of the RNA-directed DNA synthesis of the reverse transcriptases (RTs) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 [13].
• Since 1990, red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) has caused high mortalities in the summertime in cultured red sea bream Pagrus major in southwest Japan. To establish control measures for red sea bream iridoviral disease (RSIVD), the effectiveness of a formalin-killed viral vaccine was evaluated in a field trial [14].
• Kinetic analysis of cadmium toxicity to red sea bream, Pagrus major [15].
• The frequencies of the delta F 508 mutation and haplotypes linked to the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene and detected with DNA probes XV-2C and KM-19 have been studied in the population of Reunion Island, a French province located in the Indian Ocean [16].

Biological context of Indian Ocean

• The crystal structure of the tissue-type transglutaminase from red sea bream liver (fish-derived transglutaminase, FTG) has been determined at 2.5-A resolution using the molecular replacement method, based on the crystal structure of human blood coagulation factor XIII, which is a transglutaminase zymogen [17].
• Dolastatin 11, a drug isolated from the Indian Ocean sea hare Dolabella auricularia, arrests cytokinesis in vivo and increases the amount of F-actin to stabilize F-actin in vitro, like phalloidin and jasplakinolide [18].
• We evaluated whether diversity enhancing selection is operating on a marine invertebrate fertilization protein by examining the intraspecific DNA sequence variation of a 273-base pair region located at the 5' end of the sperm bindin locus in 134 adult red sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) [19].
• The most common COI haplotype is found in the eastern, central, and western Pacific as well as the Indian Ocean [20].
• The acid-stable proteinase inhibitor of human mucous secretions (HUSI-I, antileukoprotease). Complete amino acid sequence as revealed by protein and cDNA sequencing and structural homology to whey proteins and Red Sea turtle proteinase inhibitor [21].

Anatomical context of Indian Ocean

• We have found that latrunculin A, a Red Sea sponge toxin, is a potent inhibitor of immunological phagocytosis by mouse peritoneal macrophages, but does not block the binding (recognition) of the immune complexes (erythrocytes sensitized with IgG antibodies) to the cells [22].
• Latrunculin A, a toxin from a Red Sea sponge, was shown to be a very potent inhibitor of immunological phagocytosis by normal and activated macrophages (obtained from mice injected i.p. with LPS), as well as by polymorphonuclear leukocytes [23].
• A new class of glutathione S-transferase from the hepatopancreas of the red sea bream Pagrus major [24].

Associations of Indian Ocean with chemical compounds

• The simulations adopt the aerosol radiative forcing from the Indian Ocean experiment observations and also account for global increases in greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols [25].
• The title compound, 16-epi-latrunculin B (3), has been isolated from the sponge Negombata magnifica collected from the Red Sea near Hurghada, Egypt. This new natural product was determined to be an epimer of latrunculin B (1), which was found in the same sponge collection [26].
• The authors determined plasma cortisol levels, platelet levels of mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptors, and anxiety and depression scores in 11 civilians exposed to the Persian Gulf war [27].
• Increased 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine release from rat brain slices by the Red Sea flatfish toxin pardaxin [28].
• We tested the hypothesis that pyridostigmine bromide (PB) intake and/or low-level sarin exposure, suggested by some as causes of the symptoms experienced by Persian Gulf War veterans, induce neurobehavioral dysfunction that outlasts their effects on cholinesterase [29].

Gene context of Indian Ocean

• The deficient alleles of FUT1 and FUT6 have a very low incidence and they have been found mainly around the Indian Ocean [30].
• Two distinct cDNAs corresponding to GSTA1 and GSTA2 genes encoding glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) from the hepatopancreas of red sea bream, Pagrus major were cloned and sequenced [31].
• There have been reports linking lowered PON1 activity to physical symptoms after deployment to the Persian Gulf War (PGW) of 1990 to 1991 [32].
• Marine-derived macrolides latrunculins A and B, of the Red Sea sponge Negombata magnifica, are the first marine natural products that have been found to reversibly bind to actin monomers and to disrupt its organization [33].
• Exploiting the extensive oncologic experience with G-CSF, which demonstrated its safety and absence of serious side effects the authors developed a clinical protocol for use of this drug in potential mustard gas victims in the Persian Gulf conflict [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Indian Ocean

• Between September 1990 and January 1991, while deployed to the Persian Gulf for Operation Desert Shield 73 patients underwent on-board elective arthroscopy on the USNS Mercy. There were 71 men and two women with an average age of 27 years (range 19-47) [35].
• The morays were collected in the Red Sea; the nasal olfactory organs were dissected and fixed in Bouin's solution for light-microscopy, and 3.5% glutaraldehyde for electron-microscopy studies [36].

References