Disease relevance of Cytokinesis

• In Caulobacter crescentus the partitioning proteins ParA and ParB operate a molecular switch that couples chromosome partitioning to cytokinesis [1].
• In the present study we searched for cardiomyocyte hyperplasia as evidence of VEGF-induced cardiomyocyte cytokinesis [2].
• CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a functional role of hDlg in the development and progression of cervical neoplasia with implications in cytokinesis, viral trafficking, and metastasis pathways [3].
• A sphingolipid, psychosine (Psy) (galactosylsphingosine), was demonstrated to be a trigger lipid for the inhibition of cytokinesis and the induction of multinuclear giant cells associated with a sphingolipid metabolic disease, globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) [4].

High impact information on Cytokinesis

• The role of myosin II in mitosis is generally thought to be restricted to cytokinesis [5].
• Expansion of the cell plate in plant cytokinesis requires a kinesin-like protein/MAPKKK complex [6].
• Our results suggest a function for KN in cytokinesis [7].
• These data implicate cdc15p as a key element in mediating the cytoskeletal rearrangements required for cytokinesis [8].
• Mitosis and cytokinesis occur in the presence of hydroxyurea or in the double mutant cdc10-cut5 (the cdc10 mutation alone blocks progression from G1 to S) [9].

Biological context of Cytokinesis

• In testes of flies in which the variant tubulin subunit is expressed, abnormal meiotic spindle formation, improper chromosome movement and failure to undergo cytokinesis occur [10].
• The involvement of myosin in muscle contraction is well documented and this protein is implicated in generating the cleavage forces during cytokinesis in some non-muscle cells [11].
• Myosin II, the conventional two-headed myosin that forms bipolar filaments, is directly involved in regulating cytokinesis, cell motility and cell morphology in nonmuscle cells [12].
• In ceh-18 mutants, oocytes exhibit an incompletely penetrant failure to arrest in diakinesis of meiotic prophase I and instead undergo multiple rounds of DNA replication without cytokinesis. ceh-18 is expressed in the gonadal sheath cells that signal the oocyte, but not in the oocyte [13].
• Mitotic phosphorylation of the peripheral Golgi protein Nir2 by Cdk1 provides a docking mechanism for Plk1 and affects cytokinesis completion [14].

Anatomical context of Cytokinesis

• A growing body of evidence indicates that centrosomes might not be essential for spindle assembly, whereas recent data indicate that they might be important for initiating S phase and completing cytokinesis [15].
• Inhibition of Src also blocked cytokinesis, SRF induction by activated DRFs, and cooperative stress fiber formation with active ROCK [16].
• Our findings indicate that LATS1 is a novel cytoskeleton regulator that affects cytokinesis by regulating actin polymerization through negative modulation of LIMK1 [17].
• Prolonged CDK1 activity may prevent cytokinesis through inhibiting midzone microtubule formation, the behavior of proteins such as TD60, or through the phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain [18].
• Protein tyrosine phosphatase-PEST regulates focal adhesion disassembly, migration, and cytokinesis in fibroblasts [19].

Associations of Cytokinesis with chemical compounds

• Non-adhesive conditions established by suspension culture in methyl cellulose or by plating on poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate)-coated plates cause multinucleation and inhibition of cytokinesis in all cell types [20].
• The Aurora kinases are essential for the regulation of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis during mitosis [21].
• Members of the Aurora/Ipl1p family of mitotically regulated serine/threonine kinases are emerging as key regulators of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis [22].
• Thus, the major role of IL-7 is to regulate the G1/S transition and the process of cytokinesis of B precursor cells [23].
• Organization of a sterol-rich membrane domain by cdc15p during cytokinesis in fission yeast [24].

Gene context of Cytokinesis

• The F-actin based motor protein myosin II has a key role in cytokinesis [25].
• LATS1 tumour suppressor affects cytokinesis by inhibiting LIMK1 [17].
• Here we show that the human ECT2 is involved in the regulation of cytokinesis [26].
• Germ line cystoblasts entirely lacking a functional sqh gene show severe defects in proliferation and cytokinesis [27].
• We find that KIF14 targets to the central spindle via its interaction with PRC1 and has an essential function in cytokinesis [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cytokinesis

• Immunofluorescence microscopy of wild type and cdc8 gene disruptants indicates that cdc8 tropomyosin is present in two distinct cellular distributions: in dispersed patches, and during cytokinesis as a transient medial band [29].
• Moreover, the sperm-induced cytoplasmic division of Xenopus embryos was inhibited by microinjection into the embryos of the rhoA p21 pre-ADP-ribosylated by C3 which might serve as a dominant negative inhibitor of endogenous rho p21 [30].
• Using time-lapse video microscopy, RNA interference, 3D immunofluorescence reconstruction imaging, and rescue experiments, we demonstrate that the dephosphorylated form of PRC1 is essential for bundling antiparallel, nonkinetochore, interdigitating microtubules to establish the midzone that is necessary for cytokinesis [31].
• Here we describe a mutant, sec8-1, that is defective in cell separation but not in other aspects of cytokinesis. sec8-1 mutants accumulate about 100-nm vesicles and have reduced secretion of acid phosphatase, suggesting that they are defective in exocytosis [32].
• Here we show that immobilization of cell surface PE by a PE-binding peptide blocks the RhoA inactivation in the late stage of cytokinesis [33].

References