Disease relevance of Cerebrovascular Accident

• Low-dose heparin prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis after acute stroke [1].
• Acute arterial ischemic events, ie, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents, occur most frequently after cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy [2].
• Elevated plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a key regulator of the acute phase response that includes increased fibrinogen synthesis, have recently been detected in patients with acute stroke [3].
• We conclude that antibodies to glycolipids occur frequently in patients with multiple sclerosis, SLE, major cranial trauma, and cerebrovascular accidents [4].
• By using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index, the greatest frequency of nephrotic syndrome (8.9%) was observed in patients in cluster 2, whereas cluster 3 patients had the highest percentage of damage due to cerebrovascular accident (12.8%) and venous thrombosis (7.8%) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Cerebrovascular Accident

• EAATs have been implicated in cerebral stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, HIV-associated dementia, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and malignant glioma, while VGLUTs have been implicated in schizophrenia [6].
• We have therefore studied the relationship between thromboxane (TX) A(2) biosynthesis, as reflected by the urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-TXB(2), and the presence of dementia in patients after acute stroke [7].
• METHODS: The dexamethasone suppression test, major depression, functional ability, and disorientation were assessed in a cohort of 70 patients with acute stroke and after 3 months (n = 63) and 3 years (n = 43) [8].
• The authors review recent literature on four medical conditions that constitute important examples of organic mental disorders: AIDS dementia complex, cocaine abuse, cerebrovascular accident, and traumatic brain injury [9].
• A 7-year-old boy had a left-sided cerebrovascular accident 48 hours after beginning intranasal desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) therapy for persistent secondary nocturnal enuresis and approximately 2 weeks after varicella infection [10].

High impact information on Cerebrovascular Accident

• Cerebrovascular accident associated with testosterone therapy in a 21-year-old hypogonadal man [11].
• The clot-busting drug tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is currently the only FDA-approved therapy for acute stroke [12].
• Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is used to treat acute stroke because of its thrombolytic activity and its ability to restore circulation to the brain [13].
• Glycine antagonist in neuroprotection for patients with acute stroke: GAIN Americas: a randomized controlled trial [14].
• RESULTS: Across all states for all measures, the percentage of patients receiving appropriate care in the median state ranged from a high of 95% (avoidance of sublingual nifedipine for patients with acute stroke) to a low of 11% (patients with pneumonia screened for pneumococcal immunization status before discharge) [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cerebrovascular Accident

• A pertinent question is what happens before this increase, because measures which prevent extracellular accumulation of glutamate could have potential for clinical use in, for example, management of acute stroke [16].
• The capacity of various Sudan III-related chemicals to prevent DMBA-induced CA paralleled their capacity to prevent DMBA-induced adrenal apoplexy and mammary cancer [17].
• The effects of intravenous glycerol and intravenous dextrose were compared using a double-blind trial in twenty-seven patients with acute stroke [18].
• Double-blind randomised trial of intravenous glycerol in acute stroke [19].
• Acute treatment of stroke. PASS group. Piracetam Acute Stroke Study [20].

Biological context of Cerebrovascular Accident

• At the studied doses, nimodipine has a minimal effect on blood pressure in the acute stroke period [21].
• Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist dextrorphan in patients with acute stroke. Dextrorphan Study Group [22].
• METHODS: A total of 243 consecutive patients aged 65 years or older with acute stroke were randomized to receive care in the Departments of Medicine or the Department of Neurology of a university teaching hospital with a referral area of 1.1 million [23].
• Spontaneous remission of primary hyperparathyroidism from parathyroid apoplexy [24].
• After LBNP at -40 mm Hg, the reductions in systolic BP levels were similar in all groups (control: -9 mm Hg [-16 to -3]; acute stroke: -9 mm Hg [-22 to 3]; subacute stroke: -7 mm Hg [-35 to 20]), as was the associated increase in heart rate (control: 8 bpm ([4 to 11]; acute stroke: 6 bpm ([1 to 12]; subacute stroke: 9 bpm [2 to 19]) [25].

Anatomical context of Cerebrovascular Accident

• Here, we show that G-CSF passes the intact blood-brain barrier and reduces infarct volume in 2 different rat models of acute stroke [26].
• Cerebrospinal fluid enzyme levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were studied in 40 acute stroke patients comprising 20 lacunar strokes and 20 cortical strokes [27].
• These included: 36 patients with SB with or without clinical evidence of latex hypersensitivity, 50 patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), and 10 patients with cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), all of whom were questioned regarding contact with and possible clinical allergic reactions to latex [28].
• METHODS: A single observer scored consecutive admissions to an acute stroke unit on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the Canadian Neurological Scale, and the Middle Cerebral Artery Neurological Score [29].
• Thus active PAI-1 most likely participates to the resistance to thrombolysis in the arteriolar microcirculation and its inactivation may shorten ischemic periods after microvascular obstruction such as e.g. during cerebral stroke [30].

Gene context of Cerebrovascular Accident

• Intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator for treatment of acute stroke: the Standard Treatment with Alteplase to Reverse Stroke (STARS) study [31].
• Ischemic tolerance in acute stroke is associated with increased plasma levels of TNF-alpha in the presence of reduced concentrations of IL-6 [32].
• Interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in acute stroke [3].
• RESULTS: Expression of VEGF was significantly increased in the majority of patients after acute stroke at each of the time points compared with normal controls [33].
• In cerebrovascular stroke, neuronal NOS I and cytokine-inducible NOS II play a key role in neurodegeneration, whereas endothelial NOS III is important for maintaining cerebral blood flow and preventing neuronal injury [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cerebrovascular Accident

• In a case-control study, evidence of previous epilepsy was sought in 230 consecutive patients under the age of 70 admitted to hospital with acute stroke [35].
• Animal model of human disease. Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. Animal model: Acrylonitrile-induced adrenal apoplexy [36].
• Recently published large clinical trials of heparin and aspirin in acute stroke-the International Stroke Trial, Chinese Acute Stroke Trial, and Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment--fail to show a net benefit from heparin [37].
• To determine whether these medications have a similar negative impact in humans, we analyzed the recoveries of control patients who were enrolled in the Sygen in Acute Stroke Study, a multicenter study of the effects of GM1 ganglioside after ischemic stroke [38].
• BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Meta-analysis of previous trials of oral nimodipine in acute stroke has suggested a benefit when commenced within 12 hours of onset [39].

References