Disease relevance of Mitotic Index

• DFMO decreased TPA-induced hyperplasia by 25 to 40%, and the TPA-caused increases in DNA synthesis and mitotic index were inhibited by 60 and 50%, respectively [1].
• Expression of Id helix-loop-helix proteins in colorectal adenocarcinoma correlates with p53 expression and mitotic index [2].
• The malignant fibrosarcoma line, HT1080, was not contact inhibited and was entirely shape independent with a mitotic index of 70-90% regardless of cell shape [3].
• Lead nitrate administration (10 mumol/100 g body weight) resulted in a ninefold increase in the incorporation of labeled thymidine into renal DNA and in an enhancement in the mitotic index; these changes were accompanied by an increase in the organ weight and DNA content that reached a maximum at 2 days [4].
• Immunohistochemical analysis of 2,517 samples of breast cancer further showed that loss of cytokeratin and ectopic vimentin expression were significantly associated with a higher tumor grade, high mitotic index, and negative estrogen/progesterone-receptor status [5].

High impact information on Mitotic Index

• Similar to BRCA2, BRAF35 mRNA expression levels in mouse embryos are highest in proliferating tissues with high mitotic index [6].
• To test this hypothesis we studied the ability of NA alone and in combination with alpha-and beta-adrenergic antagonists to increase cyclic AMP levels and to mimic the effects of nerves by maintaining high rates of protein synthesis and high mitotic indices (MI) in denervated blastemata in organ culture [7].
• DRAP1 was found to be expressed in all tissues analyzed with higher levels in tissues with a low mitotic index [8].
• Separate groups of mice with estrogen-independent tumors received RC-3095, bombesin, or gastrin-releasing peptide(14-27) at 20 micrograms/d. We determined tumor volume and weight, mitotic index, apoptosis (programmed cell death), and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions, an indicator of tumor cell proliferation [9].
• The labeling index fell from 36.4 to 14.0% and the mitotic index from 0.88 to 0.67% after two treatments with HN2 [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Mitotic Index

• Comparative analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, bromodeoxyuridine, and mitotic index in uveal melanoma [11].
• Comparison of the epidermis from two body sites (ear and sole of foot) in mice receiving 2.4 mug per gm body weight per day of hydrocortisone in drinking water for 3 weeks revealed no change in the labeling with [3H]thymidine, the mitotic indices, or the lengths of the cell cycle phases [12].
• DNA flow cytometry, nuclear morphometry, mitotic indices and steroid receptors as independent prognostic factors in female breast cancer [13].
• We found the presence of AT1 receptor on C6 glioma cells and studied the effect of Losartan on the growth and angiogenesis of C6 rat glioma; Losartan in dose of 80 mg/kg induced 79% reduction of tumoural volume with a significant decrease of vascular density, mitotic index and cell proliferation [14].
• We did not find any significant association between CLA level in adipose fat and either the prognostic factor (tumor size, nodal status, histoprognostic grade, mitotic index, and estrogen or progesterone receptors) or the risk of metastasis or death [15].

Biological context of Mitotic Index

• Replication of the genome did not appear to be affected by the drug because the scheduled synthesis of DNA and activation of cdc2 kinase followed by increase in mitotic index occurred normally, while VP-16, a cleavable, complex-stabilizing type topo II inhibitor, inhibited all these processes [16].
• Because the left ventricle contains 5.8 x 10(9) myocytes, these mitotic indices imply that 81.2 x 10(3), 882 x 10(3), and 760 x 10(3) myocytes were in mitosis in the entire ventricular myocardium of control hearts and hearts affected by ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, respectively [17].
• The proliferative potential of cultured epididymal cells obtained from pubertal and old adult donors can be documented by [3H]thymidine labeling and mitotic indices without significant loss of gene expression for acidic epididymal glycoprotein [18].
• The formation of the lens pre-placode appears to be unaffected in heterozygotes, as deduced from the number of cells, the mitotic index, the amount of apoptosis and the expression of SOX2 and Pax6 in the pre-placode [19].
• The effects of TP at doses of 0, 100, 200, and 400 micrograms/day on cell division and cell death in SCC8 tumors of medium size were examined by measurements of the mitotic index and the retention of 5-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporated into the whole tumor [20].

Anatomical context of Mitotic Index

• Furthermore, GHRF significantly increased mitotic indices at 12 h in fundic mucosa and at 12 and 18 h in jejunal mucosa [21].
• METHODS: Apoptotic and mitotic indices were measured in the small and large intestine on a cell positional basis at intervals throughout the 72-hour period after administration of 5-FU (40 mg/kg) and PDTC (250 mg/kg) [22].
• In each experiment, the mitotic index of luminal epithelium was affected to the same degree as uterine weight [23].
• At a maximal effective dose (0.3 mg protein per mouse), plasma from subjects with hepatitis increased the mitotic index of mouse liver hepatocytes; at the same dose, plasma from normal subjects had no effect [24].
• Cell lines overexpressing stathmin were more likely to enter G(2) but less likely to enter mitosis as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and mitotic index [25].

Associations of Mitotic Index with chemical compounds

• The mitotic index for each acinar zone was calculated at the time of peak thymidine incorporation after each drug and then at 12-hr intervals for the next 24 hr [26].
• Using successive [3H]thymidine pulses and autoradiography, increases in labeling (p less than 0.01) and mitotic indices (p less than 0.05) were observed in the caerulein group, whereas pentagastrin had no effect [27].
• The responses in thymidine kinase activity and mitotic indices showed tha peak regeneration occurred at 3-4 days [28].
• Scarring is markedly reduced in MRL mice compared with C57BL/6 mice, consistent with both the reduced hydroxyproline levels seen after injury and an elevated cardiomyocyte mitotic index of 10-20% for the MRL compared with 1-3% for the C57BL/6 [29].
• Among -/- and +/+ mice that survived, -/- mice tend to suffer greater oxidative damage and failed to repair or regenerate damaged renal tissues, as indicated by their higher plasma malonaldehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal (HNE) levels and lower mitotic indices in their kidneys, respectively [30].

Gene context of Mitotic Index

• Overexpression of GCR1 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells caused an increase in thymidine incorporation and in the mitotic index of aphidicolin synchronized cells [31].
• Cdc2 overexpression and the elevated mitotic indices in the HCCs correlated also with induction of cyclin B steady-state levels [32].
• These growth rates correlate with position-dependent differences in blastemal length, mitotic index and expression of the Fgf target genes mkp3, sef and spry4 [33].
• When KLF4 was inhibited by small interfering RNA, irradiated HCT116 cells exhibited increased mitotic indices and a rise in cyclin B1 levels [34].
• However, once the tumors appeared, their growth rate, apoptosis level, and mitotic index were not affected by the loss of p21, suggesting that loss of p21 is critical in early but not late events of Ras oncogenesis [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Mitotic Index

• Total hepatic content and nuclear retention of estrogen receptors increased, with the zenith evident 2 days after partial hepatectomy, corresponding to the zenith of mitotic index [36].
• Labelling index was determined using the monoclonal antibody MIB1 and whole crypt mitotic index was measured using the microdissection and crypt squash technique [37].
• Northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from human cells and mouse tissues shows that a single Plk1 mRNA of 2.3 kb is highly expressed in tissues with a high mitotic index, consistent with a possible function of Plk1 in cell proliferation [38].
• Univariate analysis showed that most of the parameters analysed were of prognostic value regarding the disease-free survival, namely grade (P = 0.029), mitotic index (P = 0.049), size (P = 0.015), oestrogen receptors (P = 0.022), progesterone receptors (P = 0.018), P53 (P = 0.0045), ERBB2 (P = 0.046), and Ki67 (P = 0.0008) [39].
• All successfully transformed tumor cell cultures showed a relatively stable karyotype in the pre-crisis stage and a high mitotic index, were T-antigen positive, and had an extended life span in vitro [40].

References