Disease relevance of Extracorporeal Circulation

• We report the first application of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase reactors in an extracorporeal circulation system in a patient with phenylketonuria [1].
• Extensive thrombus formation during extracorporeal circulation despite the administration of heparin sodium prompted investigation of a 15-year-old boy with a calcified right ventricular thrombus and a history of subacute bacterial endocarditis [2].
• Beneficial effects of carnitine supplementation have been demonstrated under a variety of clinical conditions such as acute cardiac ischemia, during extracorporeal circulation, in carnitine-dependent cardiomyopathy as well as in patients with chronic circulatory failure and in cardiogenic shock [3].
• Increased PAI activity and PAI-1 antigen was observed in patients with malignant tumors, cardiovascular or thromboembolic disease, in the postoperative phase, with hepatic insufficiency, after trauma and after extracorporeal circulation [4].
• Open heart surgery under conditions of profound hypothermia (26 C, without extracorporeal circulation) caused dramatic lowering of CBG level, particularly striking after resuscitation (180 +/- 20 nM) [5].

High impact information on Extracorporeal Circulation

• Patients with the most bleeding had relatively low levels of von Willebrand factor before operation, suggesting a role for this factor in the hemorrhagic tendency induced by extracorporeal circulation [6].
• We conclude that the complement-derived inflammatory mediators C3a and C5a produced during extracorporeal circulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of "post-pump syndromes."[7]
• The inhibitory effect of prostacyclin may limit the extent of platelet-fibrinogen interaction in vivo and in extracorporeal circulation [8].
• Free fatty acids during extracorporeal circulation: the role of heparin [9].
• In 10 patients retinal fluorescein angiograms were also obtained intraoperatively during cardiopulmonary bypass, and all were found to have retinal microvascular occlusions after 40-160 min of extracorporeal circulation [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Extracorporeal Circulation

• Epoprostenol is useful in extracorporeal circulations to prevent platelet consumption and possibly in severe inoperable peripheral vascular disease [11].
• These include infection, steroids, azathioprine, low-flow states, extracorporeal circulation, vasopressors, renal failure, and rejection [12].
• To investigate the role of complement activation in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and in the complications of extracorporeal circulation (ECC), several parameters (CH50, C3 split products, C3a, C5a, PMN aggregating activity, carboxypeptidase activity) of the complement profiles of 23 ARDS patients were measured [13].
• We studied the effects of ticlopidine, a platelet antiaggregant drug, on platelet consumption during and after extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and on the operative and postoperative blood loss in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on 20 patients who underwent open-heart surgery for implantation of a valvular prosthesis [14].
• Plasma kallikrein activity and plasma serotonin were studied during and after open-heart surgery in 15 patients with extracorporeal circulation and in 15 patients with surface-induced deep hypothermia [15].

Biological context of Extracorporeal Circulation

• Effects of desmopressin acetate on platelet aggregation, von Willebrand factor, and blood loss after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation [16].
• CONCLUSION: The varying kinetics of expression, as measured by the MCFI, of platelet antigens CD62p, CD63, CD41a, and CD42b during extracorporeal circulation may be useful for biocompatibility testing [17].
• Tip-to-tip surface coating of the extracorporeal circulation with either heparin or phosphorylcholine seems to have similar biologic effects in neonates and infants undergoing cardiac surgery [18].
• This report demonstrates that in a bubble oxygenator system, PGE1 reduces platelet loss, mitigates platelet injury, and shortens postoperative bleeding times following extracorporeal circulation [19].
• Ketanserin (10 mg i.v.) was used to decrease elevated blood pressure unresponsive to deepening of anesthesia before extracorporeal circulation [20].

Anatomical context of Extracorporeal Circulation

• This suggests that the terminal components C5a and C5b-9, but not C3a, directly contribute to platelet and neutrophil activation during extracorporeal circulation [21].
• Blood from the ipsilateral jugular vein is aspirated at high volumes (300 ml/min) for extracorporeal circulation through an adsorption column (for recovery of carmustine) or dialysers (for recovery of cisplatin) [22].
• The aim of this study was to characterize the S100 release pattern after extracorporeal circulation in 515 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting [23].
• CONCLUSION: Rolipram inhibited changes in adhesion molecule expression and interleukin-6 release by activated monocytes in simulated extracorporeal circulation [24].
• In conclusion, extracorporeal circulation has pronounced effects on neutrophil elastase release, superoxide anion generation, and leukocyte procoagulant activity [25].

Associations of Extracorporeal Circulation with chemical compounds

• Low-molecular-weight heparin in extracorporeal circulation [26].
• At the onset of extracorporeal circulation, there was no increase of free kinin in blood and no reduction of plasma kininogen, when the latter was expressed as mug bradykinin/mg plasma protein [27].
• During simulated extracorporeal circulation, 0.5-1.0 microgram/ml bitistatin significantly prevented platelet adhesion, attenuated release of sheep platelet factor 4, and preserved platelet responsiveness to ADP [28].
• Total plasma cortisol levels fell at the onset of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and did not rise significantly throughout the period of ECC [29].
• Preservation of platelets during extracorporeal circulation in sheep. A comparison between aspirin and sulfinpyrazone [30].

Gene context of Extracorporeal Circulation

• After extracorporeal circulation, PAI activity and PAI-1 concentrations strongly increased within one hour, remained elevated for at least one week and returned to preoperation values within 7 days [4].
• Neuron-specific enolase increases in plasma during and immediately after extracorporeal circulation [31].
• CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of neutrophil elastase activity with ONO-6818 reduces further interleukin 8 production and the formation of the complement membrane attack complex, and this results in a reduction of neutrophil elastase levels during simulated extracorporeal circulation [32].
• We investigated the effects of CMZ administration on plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and neutrophil adhesion molecule expression during experimental extracorporeal circulation [33].
• Circulating soluble gp130, soluble IL-6R, and IL-6 in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, with or without extracorporeal circulation [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Extracorporeal Circulation

• After an equilibration period, BSA microspheres were introduced into the extracorporeal circulation system [35].
• We have developed a system of extracorporeal circulation that removes proteins of the molecular weight of the circulating immune complexes of rheumatoid arthritis by cryogelation with hollow-fiber membrane filtration [36].
• CONCLUSION: The results of this investigation indicate that using sodium citrate as an anticoagulant during hemodialysis induces a lower activation of coagulation than both conventional and fractionated heparin, which might contribute to an improvement of biocompatibility of hemodialysis extracorporeal circulation [37].
• The plasma CK-MB and cTnI concentrations were high in all patients after extracorporeal circulation because of aortic clamping or cardioplegia [38].
• METHODS: Simulated extracorporeal circulation was established by recirculating heparinized human blood for 120 minutes on a membrane oxygenator with and without 10 micro mol/L rolipram [39].

References