Disease relevance of Subarachnoid Space

• Nitric oxide scavenging by hemoglobin or nitric oxide synthase inhibition by N-nitro-L-arginine induces cortical spreading ischemia when K+ is increased in the subarachnoid space [1].
• Although Pantopaque will probably not be used as an MR contrast agent, it is important to recognize this property so that its high signal is not mistaken for fat or hemorrhage in the subarachnoid space on MR images [2].
• The data suggest a possible role of IL-8 as PMNL chemotactic factor in different infections of the subarachnoid space, not only in pyogenic meningitis [3].
• Neuronal hyperactivity does not predict cutaneous hyperesthesia or motor abnormality; alumina produces scarring in the subarachnoid space and probably causes pain by making the dorsal root fibers mechanosensitive [4].
• In the treatment of experimental cryptococcal meningitis, SCH39304 was as effective as fluconazole in reducing yeast counts in the subarachnoid space [5].

Psychiatry related information on Subarachnoid Space

• RESULTS: In patients with idiopathic NPH, the CSF volume was significantly increased in the ventricles and decreased in the superior convexity and medial subarachnoid spaces as compared with patients with other dementias [6].

High impact information on Subarachnoid Space

• A myelogram disclosed a complete block of the subarachnoid space from levels T11 to L2 [7].
• Methotrexate administered by Ommaya reservoir, at a dose of 6.25 mg per square meter, rapidly distributed in the subarachnoid space; the peak ventricular concentration of 2 times 10-minus 4 M declined exponentially over 48 hours [8].
• Assay of biopsied brain cortex of a patient with a deficiency of dihydropteridine reductases showed low concentrations of serotonin and dopamine, and this was reflected in the concentrations of their major metabolites measured in cerebrospinal fluid from lumbar, ventricular, and subarachnoid spaces [9].
• Intracisternal injection of antisense HO-1 oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) significantly delayed the clearance of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin from the subarachnoid space and aggravated angiographic vasospasm [10].
• These results demonstrate that bombesin injected into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord inhibits vagally stimulated and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion in rats [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Subarachnoid Space

• This finding suggests that metrizamide can pass through the cord substance from the subarachnoid space into a syrinx cavity in noncommunicating types of syringomyelia [12].
• Four patients with bilateral coronal synostosis also had enlarged subarachnoid spaces high over the convexities of the brain consistent with the towering configuration of the skull [13].
• Toxicity of metrizamide and meglumine iocarmate in the spinal subarachnoid space. An experimental study in rats with special reference to long-term effects [14].
• They suggest that cholesterin containing debris entering the subarachnoid space from the tumour cysts provoke an aseptic "chemical" meningitis of short course [15].
• Titanium aneurysm clips implanted in the subarachnoid space of 12 rabbits for 1 or 6 months produced mild gliosis identical to that produced by implantation of cobalt alloy clips in 12 control rabbits [16].

Biological context of Subarachnoid Space

• Lidoflazine, when administered intravenously at a slow rate will not adversely lower systemic blood pressure and can prevent the contraction of cerebral vessels when the stimulus for contraction is in the subarachnoid space [17].
• Importantly, transfection of HGF gene into the subarachnoid space prevented DND, accompanied by a significant increase in HGF in the cerebrospinal fluid [18].
• When coformycin was continuously infused into the subarachnoid space, non-rapid eye movement sleep was increased with prolonged duration of the sleep episode [19].
• A climatic chamber at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 20 and 30 degrees C was used to examine the effect on thermoregulation in the rat of substance P (SP) injected into the lumbar subarachnoid space via a chronic indwelling catheter [20].
• Administration of 6.5-pmol-6.5-nmol doses of substance P (SP) into the spinal subarachnoid space at T-8-T-10 in urethane-anesthetized rats increases both mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in a dose-related manner [21].

Anatomical context of Subarachnoid Space

• AtT-20 cells, which make and release beta-endorphin, or AtT-20/hENK cells, an AtT-20 cell line transfected with the human proenkephalin gene and secreting enkephalin as well as presumably beta-endorphin, were implanted in mouse spinal subarachnoid space [22].
• In addition, leukocytes infiltrating the subarachnoid space, within 12 to 24 hours, expressed mRNA for C3 and factor B. The cellular infiltration increased dramatically up to 72 hours [23].
• To investigate whether Golli-MBP peptides unique to Golli would result in neurological disease, we immunized rats and observed a novel neurological disease characterized by mild paralysis and the presence of groups of lymphocytes in the subarachnoid space but not in the parenchyma of the brain [24].
• Recombinant fibroblasts expressing PDGF A chain were injected into the cisterna magna of adult rats, which resulted in cell seeding of the subarachnoid space of the cervical spinal cord [25].
• CSF and tonsillar motion were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated, and the subarachnoid space at the foramen magnum measured [26].

Associations of Subarachnoid Space with chemical compounds

• The present report, however, demonstrates that low doses of substance P when coadministered with marginally effective doses of morphine sulfate into the rat subarachnoid space produce a markedly enhanced analgesic response, as monitored by the tail-flick test [27].
• Since this area is separated by a cleft into right and left regions, the results were interpreted to mean that, through this cleft, PGD2 diffused in the subarachnoid space over the adjacent ventral surface, where it had the effect of promoting sleep [28].
• PGD(2) infusion into the subarachnoid space of this region increased the extracellular adenosine level more than 2-fold in WT mice but not in the DP-deficient mice [29].
• To address this hypothesis, we examined the effect of paw formalin injection on release of EAAs and prostaglandin E2-like immunoreactivity (PGE2-LI) from the spinal cord in unanesthetized rats using a dialysis probe placed in the lumbar subarachnoid space [30].
• High signal in subarachnoid spaces on FLAIR MR images in an adult with propofol sedation [31].

Gene context of Subarachnoid Space

• TNF-alpha deficiency did not inhibit leukocyte recruitment into the subarachnoid space and did not lead to an increased density of bacteria in brain homogenates [32].
• CONCLUSION: These data show that the CSF concentration of the CXCR3 ligand CXCL10 is selectively increased in CSF from ON patients, and CXCR3 positive cells are recruited to the subarachnoid space [33].
• During cortical plate development in PS-1-deficient mice, neurons do not terminate their movement at the outer margin of the cortical plate, but enter the marginal zone and subarachnoid space [34].
• Here, we demonstrated successful therapeutic angiogenesis using HGF or VEGF gene transfer into the subarachnoid space to improve cerebral hypoperfusion, thus providing a new therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemic disease [35].
• IL-6 levels are higher when infection occurs in the subarachnoid space [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Subarachnoid Space

• In situ hybridization demonstrated augmented IL-6 mRNA expression in several regions including cortical pyramidal cells, neurons in thalamic nuclei, and macrophages in the basal subarachnoid spaces [37].
• Gene therapy for preventing neuronal death using hepatocyte growth factor: in vivo gene transfer of HGF to subarachnoid space prevents delayed neuronal death in gerbil hippocampal CA1 neurons [18].
• A single lumbar puncture is followed by instillation of metrizamide into the subarachnoid space [38].
• Previous work in this laboratory has indicated that the transplantation of adrenal medullary tissue into the subarachnoid space of the rat spinal cord can reduce pain sensitivity to acute noxious stimuli, particularly following stimulation by nicotine [39].
• Substance P (SP) was administered to awake rats by injection into the lumbar subarachnoid space via an indwelling cannula [40].

References