Disease relevance of fluorescein

• Several weeks later, once the experimental brain metastases were established, the mice were given injections iv of sodium fluorescein [1].
• Capillary sodium fluorescein leakage was larger in 18 diabetic patients with documented peripheral neuropathy than in diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathy (p<0.02) and C (p<0.005) [2].
• The same treatment reduced the incidence and extent of sodium fluorescein leakage from choroidal neovascular lesions by 52% (p < 0.05) and 36% (p < 0.01), respectively, in a laser-induced murine choroidal neovascularization model [3].
• At any time between 20 and 60 minutes following a bolus injection of sodium fluorescein (1 mg/kg body weight), there was a significant linear relationship (p less than 0.05, r greater than 0.75) between residual aortic flow and the ratio of hind-/forelimb fluorescence [4].
• Evaluation of sodium fluorescein for quantitative diagnosis of root caries [5].

Psychiatry related information on fluorescein

• A significant increase in the entry of sodium fluorescein into the hypothalamus occurred after acute electroconvulsive shock; it increased in all the regions of the brain after chronic electroconvulsive shock [6].

High impact information on fluorescein

• The capillaries within the metastatic foci were enlarged and irregular, but there was no leakage of sodium fluorescein, showing that the blood-brain barrier was intact [1].
• Moreover, when alphaIIb(P145A) and beta3 were stably coexpressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, alphaIIbbeta3 was readily detected on the cell surface, but the cells were unable to adhere to immobilized fibrinogen or to bind soluble fluorescein isothiocyanate-fibrinogen after alphaIIbbeta3 activation by the activating monoclonal antibody PT25-2 [7].
• Extravasation of sodium fluorescein (MW, 386), but not 150 kDa (MW) fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, occurred in the area postrema under control conditions [8].
• After a certain period of time filtered ultraviolet light produces platelet aggregation in microvessels on the cerebral surface of the mouse, but only when sodium fluorescein is first injected intravascularly to provide a light-absorbing, heat-generating target [9].
• The low vascular permeability of HGL21, which was also confirmed by both sodium fluorescein and Lissamine green injections, suggests that not all tumors are leaky to tracer molecules and that the blood-tumor barrier of this tumor still possesses some characteristics of blood-brain barrier as observed in other intracranial tumors [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of fluorescein

• BBB permeability studies using sodium fluorescein (molecular weight of 376) and Evan's Blue albumin (molecular weight of 67,000) have revealed a significant increase of the BBB permeability for sodium fluorescein in the decompensated stage of hemorrhagic shock [11].
• The present study investigated the influence of MK-801 (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist) and U83836E (antioxidative aminosteroid) on the permeability of sodium fluorescein through a cell barrier during hypoxia (2 h 95% N2/5% CO2) [12].
• PURPOSE: To determine if common ocular adenovirus serotypes survive in vitro in multidose bottles of topical fluorescein (Fluress; Pilkington Barnes Hind, Inc, Sunnyvale, California) [13].
• Therefore, we investigated vascular permeability using sodium fluorescein of 70 mg/kg body weight, in 12-week-old streptozotocin-induced diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats [14].
• Ophthalmic examination found decreased visual acuities OU, amiodarone keratopathy (subepithelial verticillata), and diffuse corneal epithelial edema with diffuse sodium fluorescein staining OU [15].

Biological context of fluorescein

• When cocultured with astrocytes in the presence of cAMP, the puromycin-treated RBEC monolayer showed a highly reduced permeability to sodium fluorescein (down to 0.75 x 10(-6) cm/s) and a high electrical resistance (up to 500 Omega x cm(2)) [16].
• To assess the influence of FG on the quantitation of F by fluorescence, we studied the pharmacokinetics of F and FG for 38 hr in the plasma of five normal subjects given 14 mg/kg of sodium fluorescein intravenously [17].
• First clinical implications of perioperative red cell volume measurement with a nonradioactive marker (sodium fluorescein) [18].
• AM incubation decreased BBB permeability for sodium fluorescein (mol. wt 376 Da) but not for Evan's blue albumin (mol. wt 67 kDa), and it also attenuated fluid-phase endocytosis [19].
• RESULTS: During acute EAE, sodium fluorescein concentrations in the CSF increased twofold compared to control animals, whereas plasma kinetics were comparable within both groups [20].

Anatomical context of fluorescein

• Addition of sodium fluorescein to primary cultures of rat hepatocytes resulted in a rapid uptake of the dye by the hepatocytes and a subsequent accumulation in bile canaliculi-like structures [21].
• This was done by measuring endothelial permeability to sodium fluorescein (MW 376 Da, Na-F) and to different-sized fluorescein-isothiocynate-labeled dextrans (FITC-dextrans) and by staining F-actin with rhodamine-labeled phalloidin in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells growing on filters [22].
• Living mitotic HeLa cells were microinjected with sodium fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled IgG, and Lucifer Yellow-CH to determine if the intracellular bridge and midbody forms a barrier to the migration of these molecules [23].
• It has been shown previously that the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) of rats with phototoxic retinopathy is permeable to sodium fluorescein and to fluoresceinated dextrans as large as 32A ESR (Einstein-Stokes radius) [24].
• An ocular fluorophotometer used to measure anterior chamber fluorescence after IV injection of sodium fluorescein showed that RMI-1068 decreased anterior chamber fluorescein concentration compared to the control and prednisolone groups [25].

Associations of fluorescein with other chemical compounds

• Experiments were undertaken to evaluate the role of intravital epifluorescent TV microscopy in the study of the hepatic transport of sodium fluorescein and fluorescently labeled sodium glycocholate in rats and hamsters [26].
• Biliary secretion of sodium fluorescein in primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes and its stimulation by nicotinamide [21].
• The presence of choroid-Bruch's layer reduced the bovine scleral permeability by 2-, 8-, 16-, 36-, and 50-fold and porcine tissue permeability by 2-, 7-, 15-, 33-, and 40-fold, respectively, for mannitol, sodium fluorescein, budesonide, celecoxib, and rhodamine 6G [27].
• Dexamethasone treatment resulted in average transbilayer electrical resistance (TER) values of 500 Omega cm(2) after 10-12 days of cocultivation and correlated with a reduced flux of the hydrophilic permeability marker, sodium-fluorescein [28].
• 3. Following the extravasation of the tracers, the sodium fluorescein is relatively soon eliminated, whereas Evans Blue remains in the cellular elements of the brain parenchyma for a considerable time, although the protein moiety of the tracer is removed much sooner from the cytoplasm of glial cells, presumably by the lysosomal digestion [29].

Gene context of fluorescein

• Molecular equivalents of soluble fluorescein values for CD71 were always higher than for CD38 [30].
• Experiments designed to test the permeability of the IEC-6 cell layer to apically added sodium fluorescein confirmed that neither IL-1 beta nor TNF-alpha altered the integrity of the cell layer after three days [31].
• We examined the effect of VEGF on microvessel permeability to a small solute (sodium fluorescein, Stokes radius 0.45 nm), an intermediate solute (alpha-lactalbumin, Stokes radius 2.01 nm), and a large solute [albumin (BSA), Stokes radius 3.5 nm] [32].
• The animals were divided in 2 groups of 10 each: (1) intravenous injection of sodium fluorescein (14 mg/kg of body weight)--Group NaF, (2) controls (injection of NaCl 0.9%)--Group CTRL [33].
• The permeability of the RPE cells to sodium fluorescein, horseradish peroxidase, and inulin was measured [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of fluorescein

• By using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, the movement of a vitally injected fluorescent dye (sodium fluorescein) among individual osteocytic lacunae was visualized in situ beneath the periosteal surface of mouse cortical bone at depths up to 50 microm with laser scanning confocal microscopy [35].
• Transcapillary diffusion of sodium fluorescein (NaF) was quantitated by video densitometry in the skin in all subjects on the 4th treatment day [36].
• In vivo fluorophotometry data were compared with measurements obtained by direct extraction of the vitreous 60 min after an intravenous injection of sodium fluorescein [37].
• Changes in cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier during IR were determined using laser-Doppler flowmetry and microdialysis with sodium fluorescein [38].
• Effects of perfusion rate on permeability of frog and rat mesenteric microvessels to sodium fluorescein [39].

References