The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.

wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 

Links

 

Gene Review

CTRL  -  chymotrypsin-like

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: CTRL1, Chymotrypsin-like protease CTRL-1
 
 
Welcome! If you are familiar with the subject of this article, you can contribute to this open access knowledge base by deleting incorrect information, restructuring or completely rewriting any text. Read more.
 

Disease relevance of CTRL

  • OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to define and compare geographic coronary artery inflammation in patients who were dying of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), chronic stable angina (SA), and noncardiac causes (CTRL) [1].
  • We therefore studied the rate of secretion of esophageal inorganic and organic protective factors in patients with endoscopically negative [E (-)] GERD and compared these results with the corresponding values in asymptomatic volunteers (CTRL) [2].
  • Right atrial appendages from 11 patients with chronic AF and underlying valvular heart disease (AF-VHD) and seven patients in sinus rhythm with VHD (SR-VHD) were individually compared to an age-matched sinus-rhythm control group (SR-CTRL, 11 patients) using cardiac-specific microarray analysis [3].
  • Rhesus monkeys either were untreated (controls, CTRL; n = 3) or received the GnRH antagonist Antide (ANT; 3 mg/kg body weight, n = 3) to inhibit pituitary LH secretion on day 6 of the luteal phase in spontaneous menstrual cycles [4].
  • The study addresses the issue of the role of the cerebellum in human withdrawal-reflex conditioning by comparing data from patients with pure cerebellar diseases (CBL, n = 10) and from cerebellar patients showing additional extracerebellar symptoms (CBL+, n = 10) with those from 11 control subjects (CTRL) [5].
 

Psychiatry related information on CTRL

  • However, B/F women demonstrated a marked increase in slow wave sleep (SWS), 182 +/- 41 min compared with CTRL (86 +/- 22 min, P < 0.001 compared with B/F) and BOTTLE subjects (63 +/- 29 min, P < 0.001 compared with B/F) [6].
  • Forty-four PSD and forty-four CTRL female rats were distributed into 4 subgroups of 11 animals each according to the phase of estrous cycle and were subjected to sleep deprivation for 96 h by the multiple platform technique [7].
  • Rape survivors with PTSD (PTSD+; n = 15) were compared to rape survivors without PTSD (PTSD-; n = 16) and age- and education-matched nontraumatized controls (CTRL; n = 16) on tests of attention [8].
  • Because independent lines of evidence suggest that a brain chymotrypsin-like protease may be involved in the etiology of Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease, clipsin is discussed as a candidate for such a role [9].
 

High impact information on CTRL

  • The protease has a chymotrypsin-like fold and features a tetrahedrally coordinated metal ion distal to the active site [10].
  • We also demonstrated that CT-L inhibition by a PGPH substrate does not require the occupancy of the PGPH site or hydrolysis of the PGPH substrate [11].
  • In cellular proliferation and protein degradation assays, these inhibitors revealed that selective PGPH inhibition was insufficient to inhibit protein degradation, indicating that the CT-L and PGPH sites function independently [11].
  • Secretory granules of human dermal mast cells contain a chymotrypsin-like serine proteinase called chymase [12].
  • The human skin chymotrypsin-like proteinase produced extensive epidermal-dermal separation, while cathepsin G, at comparable concentrations, produced only focal separations [13].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of CTRL

 

Biological context of CTRL

  • There was a compensatory reduction in light non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in B/F when compared with CTRL and BOTTLE [6].
  • A descriptive comparison study was undertaken on 12 fully breastfeeding women (B/F), 12 age-matched control women (CTRL), and seven postnatal women who had chosen to bottle-feed their infants (BOTTLE) [6].
  • The chymotrypsin-like enzyme-1 gene is located on chromosome 16q22.1 in a tight cluster with four unrelated genes [18].
  • All subjects then received an infusion of 14C-labeled leucine and tritiated phenylalanine, followed by measurement of baseline protein kinetics (GH and CTRL) [19].
  • Offspring of Wistar dams fed a normal (CTRL) or low (LP)-protein diet during gestation were studied [20].
 

Anatomical context of CTRL

  • Increased pancreatic secretion of CTRL-1 was induced by protease inhibitors indicating that the enzyme is secreted from pancreas upon feedback stimulation [18].
  • METHODS: We examined 544 coronary artery segments from 16 patients with AMI, 109 segments from 5 patients with SA, and 304 coronary segments from 9 patients with CTRL [1].
  • For this purpose, we measured the number of abnormal alveolar attachments and quantified the content of elastic fibers in the adventitial layer of small airways and in the peribronchial and distal alveolar septa of 15 patients who died of asthma (FA) and 9 control subjects (CTRL) [21].
  • Needle biopsy samples were taken from vastus lateralis muscle (VL) of five male body builders (BB, age 27.4+/-0.93 years; mean+/-s.e.m.), who had being performing hypertrophic heavy resistance exercise (HHRE) for at least 2 years, and from five male active, but untrained control subjects (CTRL, age 29.9+/-2.01 years) [22].
  • Ca2+ current densities in myocytes from CMP hamsters were -6.6 +/- 0.6 versus -8.3 +/- 0.5 microA/cm2 (P < 0.05) in CTRL [23].
 

Associations of CTRL with chemical compounds

  • The gene of a novel chymotrypsin-like serine protease has been cloned from human pancreas [18].
  • Both native and recombinant CTRL-1 displayed chymotrypsin- and elastase-2-like activities and hydrolyzed the amide bonds of substrates having tyrosine, phenylalanine, or leucine residues at the P1 position [18].
  • Eight male cyclists exercised at > or = 90% peak O2 uptake to exhaustion (CTRL) [24].
  • The data suggest that the CO2 sensitivity of ventilation is similar at low levels of IPS as during CTRL [25].
  • We compared coagulation and fibrinolytic activation during conventional CPB (control) (CTRL) using noncoated circuits, no antifibrinolytics, and open cardiotomy with a combined strategy (HAC) that used heparin-coated circuits, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, and closed cardiotomy [26].
 

Physical interactions of CTRL

 

Enzymatic interactions of CTRL

 

Regulatory relationships of CTRL

 

Other interactions of CTRL

  • Serum concentrations of PRL at slaughter were greater (P < 0.01) in both 4PRL and 8PRL compared with CTRL, whereas at mid-treatment, they were greater (P < 0.05) only in 8PRL gilts [33].
  • ANG II-induced contraction of carotid rings was increased in LP (E(max), the maximum asymptote of the curve, relative to maximal response to KCl 80 mM: 230 +/- 3% LP vs. 201 +/- 2% CTRL, P < 0.05) [29].
  • This paper presents evidence that alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in lung secretions is not effective as an inhibitor of chymotrypsin-like enzymes [34].
  • When isolated from semen by the addition of chromatography on aprotinin-Sepharose to a previously described procedure, PSA displayed chymotrypsin-like activity and cleaved semenogelin and the semenogelin-related proteins in a rapid and characteristic pattern, but had no trypsin-like activity [35].
  • After IL-2 culture for 7 days, blood CD4 T cells from the patients did not preferentially expand as compared to RP and Ctrl [36].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CTRL

  • On a separate occasion, subjects exercised for the same duration and power output as CTRL (13.2 +/- 0.9 min, 292 W), but force output of the inspiratory muscles was reduced (-56% versus CTRL) using a proportional assist ventilator (PAV) [24].
  • The nonbicarbonate buffer secretion during perfusion with HCl and HCl/Pepsin as well as the rate of esophageal TGFalpha output during infusion of final saline in patients with E (-) GERD were significantly lower than in CTRL group (p < 0.05) [2].
  • METHODS: Ninety-four subjects were included in this comparative cross-sectional study of healthy (CTRL), primary-open-angle-glaucoma (POAG), ocular-hypertension (OHT), and normal-tension-glaucoma (NTG) volunteers [37].
  • Twenty-two of these 25 cDNA were validated by RT-PCR as differentially expressed in the ANT group, relative to the CTRL group, and 11 of 25 changed (P < 0.05) correspondingly in the late-to-very late luteal phase [4].
  • METHODS: Case control study of 14 patients (12 men, 2 women) with severe lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD n=5; cystic fibrosis, CF n=9) and 5 control subjects (CTRL, 4 men, 1 woman) [38].

References

  1. Diffuse and active inflammation occurs in both vulnerable and stable plaques of the entire coronary tree: a histopathologic study of patients dying of acute myocardial infarction. Mauriello, A., Sangiorgi, G., Fratoni, S., Palmieri, G., Bonanno, E., Anemona, L., Schwartz, R.S., Spagnoli, L.G. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  2. The potential role of the esophageal pre-epithelial barrier components in the maintenance of integrity of the esophageal mucosa in patients with endoscopically negative gastroesophageal reflux disease. Marcinkiewicz, M., Han, K., Zbroch, T., Poplawski, C., Gramley, W., Goldin, G., Sarosiek, J. Am. J. Gastroenterol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  3. Gene expression profile associated with chronic atrial fibrillation and underlying valvular heart disease in man. Lamirault, G., Gaborit, N., Le Meur, N., Chevalier, C., Lande, G., Demolombe, S., Escande, D., Nattel, S., Léger, J.J., Steenman, M. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  4. Discovery of LH-regulated genes in the primate corpus luteum. Xu, J., Stouffer, R.L., Searles, R.P., Hennebold, J.D. Mol. Hum. Reprod. (2005) [Pubmed]
  5. Classically conditioned withdrawal reflex in cerebellar patients. 2. Impaired unconditioned responses. Kolb, F.P., Timmann, D., Baier, P.C., Diener, H.C. Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale. (2000) [Pubmed]
  6. Lactation is associated with an increase in slow-wave sleep in women. Blyton, D.M., Sullivan, C.E., Edwards, N. Journal of sleep research. (2002) [Pubmed]
  7. The effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation on estrous cycles of the female rats. Antunes, I.B., Andersen, M.L., Baracat, E.C., Tufik, S. Hormones and behavior. (2006) [Pubmed]
  8. Attentional dysfunction associated with posttraumatic stress disorder among rape survivors. Jenkins, M.A., Langlais, P.J., Delis, D.A., Cohen, R.A. The Clinical neuropsychologist. (2000) [Pubmed]
  9. Clipsin, a chymotrypsin-like protease in rat brain which is irreversibly inhibited by alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Nelson, R.B., Siman, R. J. Biol. Chem. (1990) [Pubmed]
  10. Crystal structure of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease domain complexed with a synthetic NS4A cofactor peptide. Kim, J.L., Morgenstern, K.A., Lin, C., Fox, T., Dwyer, M.D., Landro, J.A., Chambers, S.P., Markland, W., Lepre, C.A., O'Malley, E.T., Harbeson, S.L., Rice, C.M., Murcko, M.A., Caron, P.R., Thomson, J.A. Cell (1996) [Pubmed]
  11. Lack of proteasome active site allostery as revealed by subunit-specific inhibitors. Myung, J., Kim, K.B., Lindsten, K., Dantuma, N.P., Crews, C.M. Mol. Cell (2001) [Pubmed]
  12. Rapid and specific conversion of precursor interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) to an active IL-1 species by human mast cell chymase. Mizutani, H., Schechter, N., Lazarus, G., Black, R.A., Kupper, T.S. J. Exp. Med. (1991) [Pubmed]
  13. Degradation of the epidermal-dermal junction by proteolytic enzymes from human skin and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Briggaman, R.A., Schechter, N.M., Fraki, J., Lazarus, G.S. J. Exp. Med. (1984) [Pubmed]
  14. Effect of acid-base balance on the growth hormone response to acute high-intensity cycle exercise. Gordon, S.E., Kraemer, W.J., Vos, N.H., Lynch, J.M., Knuttgen, H.G. J. Appl. Physiol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  15. Effects of ramipril in nondiabetic nephropathy: improved parameters of oxidatives stress and potential modulation of advanced glycation end products. Sebeková, K., Gazdíková, K., Syrová, D., Blazícek, P., Schinzel, R., Heidland, A., Spustová, V., Dzúrik, R. Journal of human hypertension. (2003) [Pubmed]
  16. Effects of a diet rich in advanced glycation end products in the rat remnant kidney model. Sebeková, K., Faist, V., Hofmann, T., Schinzel, R., Heidland, A. Am. J. Kidney Dis. (2003) [Pubmed]
  17. Human rhinovirus 2 2Apro recognition of eukaryotic initiation factor 4GI. Involvement of an exosite. Foeger, N., Schmid, E.M., Skern, T. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) [Pubmed]
  18. A novel human chymotrypsin-like digestive enzyme. Reseland, J.E., Larsen, F., Solheim, J., Eriksen, J.A., Hanssen, L.E., Prydz, H. J. Biol. Chem. (1997) [Pubmed]
  19. Growth hormone and insulin combine to improve whole-body and skeletal muscle protein kinetics. Wolf, R.F., Heslin, M.J., Newman, E., Pearlstone, D.B., Gonenne, A., Brennan, M.F. Surgery (1992) [Pubmed]
  20. Microvascular rarefaction and decreased angiogenesis in rats with fetal programming of hypertension associated with exposure to a low-protein diet in utero. Pladys, P., Sennlaub, F., Brault, S., Checchin, D., Lahaie, I., Lê, N.L., Bibeau, K., Cambonie, G., Abran, D., Brochu, M., Thibault, G., Hardy, P., Chemtob, S., Nuyt, A.M. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  21. Abnormal alveolar attachments with decreased elastic fiber content in distal lung in fatal asthma. Mauad, T., Silva, L.F., Santos, M.A., Grinberg, L., Bernardi, F.D., Martins, M.A., Saldiva, P.H., Dolhnikoff, M. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (2004) [Pubmed]
  22. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and structure and function of skeletal muscle fibres in male body builders. D'Antona, G., Lanfranconi, F., Pellegrino, M.A., Brocca, L., Adami, R., Rossi, R., Moro, G., Miotti, D., Canepari, M., Bottinelli, R. J. Physiol. (Lond.) (2006) [Pubmed]
  23. Intracellular calcium handling in isolated ventricular myocytes from cardiomyopathic hamsters (strain BIO 14.6) with congestive heart failure. Krüger, C., Erdmann, E., Näbauer, M., Beuckelmann, D.J. Cell Calcium (1994) [Pubmed]
  24. Effect of inspiratory muscle work on peripheral fatigue of locomotor muscles in healthy humans. Romer, L.M., Lovering, A.T., Haverkamp, H.C., Pegelow, D.F., Dempsey, J.A. J. Physiol. (Lond.) (2006) [Pubmed]
  25. Respiratory response to inhaled CO2 during positive inspiratory pressure in humans. Scheid, P., Lofaso, F., Isabey, D., Harf, A. J. Appl. Physiol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  26. Reducing hemostatic activation during cardiopulmonary bypass: a combined approach. Eisses, M.J., Seidel, K., Aldea, G.S., Chandler, W.L. Anesth. Analg. (2004) [Pubmed]
  27. Prostate specific antigen in benign prostatic hyperplasia: purification and characterization. Chen, Z., Chen, H., Stamey, T.A. J. Urol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  28. Identification of a 10 S trypsin-like protease that cross-reacts with anti-proteasome antibody in sea urchin egg jelly. Inaba, K., Morisawa, M. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1995) [Pubmed]
  29. Exaggerated vasomotor response to ANG II in rats with fetal programming of hypertension associated with exposure to a low-protein diet during gestation. Yzydorczyk, C., Gobeil, F., Cambonie, G., Lahaie, I., Lê, N.L., Samarani, S., Ahmad, A., Lavoie, J.C., Oligny, L.L., Pladys, P., Hardy, P., Nuyt, A.M. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  30. Apoptotic cell thrombospondin-1 and heparin-binding domain lead to dendritic-cell phagocytic and tolerizing states. Krispin, A., Bledi, Y., Atallah, M., Trahtemberg, U., Verbovetski, I., Nahari, E., Zelig, O., Linial, M., Mevorach, D. Blood (2006) [Pubmed]
  31. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 is a novel serpin that inhibits the chymotrypsin-like proteinases cathepsin G and mast cell chymase. Schick, C., Kamachi, Y., Bartuski, A.J., Cataltepe, S., Schechter, N.M., Pemberton, P.A., Silverman, G.A. J. Biol. Chem. (1997) [Pubmed]
  32. The serpin MNEI inhibits elastase-like and chymotrypsin-like serine proteases through efficient reactions at two active sites. Cooley, J., Takayama, T.K., Shapiro, S.D., Schechter, N.M., Remold-O'Donnell, E. Biochemistry (2001) [Pubmed]
  33. Exogenous prolactin stimulates mammary development and alters expression of prolactin-related genes in prepubertal gilts. Farmer, C., Palin, M.F. J. Anim. Sci. (2005) [Pubmed]
  34. alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin in lung secretions is not an effective proteinase inhibitor. Berman, G., Afford, S.C., Burnett, D., Stockley, R.A. J. Biol. Chem. (1986) [Pubmed]
  35. Enzymatic activity of prostate-specific antigen and its reactions with extracellular serine proteinase inhibitors. Christensson, A., Laurell, C.B., Lilja, H. Eur. J. Biochem. (1990) [Pubmed]
  36. T cell repertoire in patients with stable scleroderma. Tiev, K.P., Abriol, J., Burland, M.C., Antonelli, D., Klatzmann, D., Cabane, J., Boyer, O. Clin. Exp. Immunol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  37. Complex autoantibody repertoires in patients with glaucoma. Grus, F.H., Joachim, S.C., Hoffmann, E.M., Pfeiffer, N. Mol. Vis. (2004) [Pubmed]
  38. Plasma adrenomedullin and endothelin-1 concentration during low-dose dobutamine infusion: Relationship between pulmonary uptake and pulmonary vascular pressure/flow characteristics. Vizza, C.D., Letizia, C., Badagliacca, R., Sciomer, S., Poscia, R., Della Rocca, G., Iacoboni, C., Leonardo, d.e. .L., Quattrucci, S., Dario, C., Luigi, P., Fedele, F. Regul. Pept. (2006) [Pubmed]
 
WikiGenes - Universities