Disease relevance of Rats

• To develop an animal model for antimyeloperoxidase (MPO)-associated necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN), we immunized Brown Norway rats with MPO and localized a neutrophil lysosomal enzyme extract, primarily consisting of MPO and elastinolytic enzymes, plus H2O2, the substrate of MPO, to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) [1].
• 5-oxo-ETE induces pulmonary eosinophilia in an integrin-dependent manner in Brown Norway rats [2].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: When laboratory rats were injected subcutaneously with heparin (55.5 IU, approximately 1.0 mg/kg) per clinical trial protocols, intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury was exacerbated rather than alleviated [3].
• In conclusion, PhIP-induced lymphomas in the laboratory rat appears to be a very useful model to analyze the genesis of lymphomas, and oltipraz serves as a potential chemopreventive agent for lymphomas [4].
• To investigate the role of AIF in the apoptotic process in vivo, we induced retinal detachment (RD) by subretinal injection of sodium hyaluronate, either in Brown Norway rats or in C3H mice [5].

Psychiatry related information on Rats

• Midline and lateral field sound localization in the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) [6].
• This study investigated whether the circadian oscillation in plasma melatonin is involved in the modulation of plasma beta-END immunoreactivity (beta-END-ir), and whether fluctuations in pain threshold measured using the hotplate test are contingent upon the fluctuation of these two hormones in Rattus Norvegicus [7].
• Maternal responsiveness to infant Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) ultrasonic vocalizations during the maternal behavior cycle and after steroid and experiential induction regimens [8].
• Amnesia after diazepam infusion into basolateral but not central amygdala of Rattus norvegicus [9].
• Food deprivation in the laboratory rat decreases plasma leptin and insulin, elevates glucocorticoid concentration, and increases the activity of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) system and feeding drive [10].

High impact information on Rats

• In laboratory rats, similar events reinstate cocaine seeking after prolonged withdrawal periods, thus providing a model to study neuronal mechanisms underlying the relapse to cocaine [11].
• Seasonal rhythm in plasma testosterone and luteinising hormone of the male laboratory rat [12].
• The magnetic fields associated with penicillin-induced focal epilepsy were measured in laboratory rats [13].
• Quantitative neurohistological techniques were used to examine the hippocampal complex of laboratory rats maintained on ethanol-containing or control diets for 5 months followed by a 2-month alcohol-free period [14].
• Laboratory rats were given unlimited access to intravenous cocaine hydrochloride or heroin hydrochloride [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Rats

• To confirm the importance of O. formigenes in regulating hyperoxaluria, laboratory rats known to be noncolonized were colonized with live bacteria or treated with a preparation of oxalate-degrading enzymes derived from O. formigenes to determine any subsequent increased resistance to high oxalate challenge [16].
• Sex differences in Seoul virus infection are not related to adult sex steroid concentrations in Norway rats [17].
• Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, inhibits the late airway response to antigen, airway eosinophilia, and IL-5-expressing cells in Brown Norway rats [18].
• Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induces in Brown Norway rats a CD4+ T lymphocyte-dependent systemic autoimmune syndrome, involving synthesis of anti-glomerular basement membrane autoantibodies and development of proteinuria [19].
• In this study, native cells of Streptococcus mutans VA-29R and Streptococcus rattus FA-1 displayed significantly higher aminopeptidase activity than did cells of Streptococcus cricetus AHT or Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 toward the nitroanilide derivatives of leucine, alanine, methionine, arginine, and lysine [20].

Biological context of Rats

• The sequence of the region of the mitochondrial genome that encodes cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) has been determined for each of two closely related rat species, Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus [21].
• Full-length cDNA sequences of two class I major histocompatibility complex molecules from the DA strain of Rattus norvegicus are reported [22].
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae open reading frame YLR118c encodes an enzyme homologous to Rattus norvegicus APT1 [23].
• Cell cycle reentry at 32 degrees C is accompanied by loss of a 41-kD polypeptide that cross-reacts with antibodies to rat (Rattus norvegicus) extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1; thermotolerant GCPs retain this polypeptide [24].
• Isolation, characterization, and inhibition kinetics of enolase from Streptococcus rattus FA-1 [25].

Anatomical context of Rats

• We examined the in vivo effects of bFGF in balloon denuded carotid arteries of laboratory rats. bFGF was administered continuously from polymer-based devices at 34 ng/d into the periadventitial space of rat carotid arteries for 2 wk [26].
• Erythroid cell iron and transferrin uptake and release was studied in the anemia of the Belgrade laboratory rat (gene symbol, b), an autosomal recessive trait characterized by hypochromia and hyperferrinemia [27].
• The mechanisms underlying the impaired utilization of transferrin-bound iron by erythroid cells in the anemia of the Belgrade laboratory rat were investigated using reticulocytes from homozygous anemic animals and transferrin labeled with 59Fe and 125I [28].
• Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induces T helper 2 (Th2) autoreactive anti-class II T cells in Brown Norway rats [29].
• Highly purified, freshly isolated, rat peritoneal mast cells from Brown Norway rats were cultured in the presence of CT or its B subunit (CTB) alone or in combination with anti-IgE or bacterial LPS [30].

Associations of Rats with chemical compounds

• Spontaneous tumor incidence in female brown Norway rats after lifelong diets high and low in linoleic acid [31].
• The results of this investigation are consistent with electrophysiologic and behavioral studies in laboratory rats and suggest that desipramine- and amitriptyline-induced alterations in 5-HT function may be related to their antidepressant mechanism of action [32].
• A 40-min exposure of laboratory rats to 10 mg/ml insulin/EtOH aerosols resulted in a 2-fold drop in the blood glucose level and a marked rise in the serum insulin level [33].
• The other two groups were fed ground laboratory rat chow containing 400 mg of lovastatin per kg of diet ad libitum [34].
• Laboratory studies have demonstrated that tamoxifen is hepatocarcinogenic in laboratory rats, but not in other species [35].

Gene context of Rats

• (i) In normoxia, both Spalax and Rattus kidneys produce small amounts of Epo [36].
• In this study, we present the genomic organization of the two C4 gene-containing modules and the expression of the two C4 genes in the rat (Rattus norvegicus) [37].
• In laboratory rats we previously reported a FMO2 gene encoding a truncated FMO2 (432-AA residues) [38].
• Previous studies have suggested that oxytocin (OT) may be anxiolytic in female laboratory rats and mice [39].
• Chromosomal localization of ceruloplasmin and transferrin genes in laboratory rats, mice and in man by hybridization with specific DNA probes [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Rats

• Intra-arterial infusion of B4146 (40 micrograms/kg/min) attenuated the depressor response to ramipril in Wistar and Brown Norway-Hannover rats but had no effect in Brown Norway rats [41].
• The present study sought to examine the acquisition and maintenance of MDMA self-administration by laboratory rats [42].
• To assess the anti-inflammatory potential of AWD 12-281, the antigen-induced cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of Brown Norway rats was determined [43].
• OBJECTIVE: In this study, we compared the effects of a serotonin releaser, MDMA, on prepulse inhibition in laboratory rats and healthy human volunteers [44].
• Using a rat pup model of gastrostomy feeding, the immune response profile, at weaning and post-weaning, of allergy-prone Brown Norway rats fed formula supplementation with TGF-beta was assessed [45].

References