Disease relevance of C00883

• Screening for circulating galactomannan as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for invasive aspergillosis in prolonged neutropenic patients and stem cell transplantation recipients: a prospective validation [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: In addition to serial screening for GM antigenemia and radiological surveillance, PCR-ELISA may improve the rates of early diagnosis of IA and the management of patients with hematological malignancies [2].
• To isolate gene(s) from P. fluorescens subsp. cellulosa encoding endo-beta-1,4-mannanase (mannanase) activity, a genomic library of Pseudomonas DNA, constructed in lambda ZAPII, was screened for mannanase-expressing clones using the dye-labelled substrate, azo-carob galactomannan [3].
• Analysis of proteins associated with growth of Bacteroides ovatus on the branched galactomannan guar gum [4].
• In patients with renal failure and aspergillosis, rising serum galactomannan levels may not necessarily signify progressive infection [5].

Psychiatry related information on C00883

• The unanswered question for the serum Aspergillus galactomannan assay is whether knowledge of results can change use of empirical therapy to treat febrile patients at high risk of invasive aspergillosis [6].

High impact information on C00883

• Glucuronoarabinoxylan, xyloglucan, and galactomannan are noncellulosic polysaccharides found in plant cell walls [7].
• For T(1) generation individuals, transgene inheritance was correlated with galactomannan composition and amount in the endosperm [8].
• The statistical distribution of galactosyl substituents along the mannan backbone, and the degree of galactose substitution of the primary product of galactomannan biosynthesis appear to be regulated by the specificity of the galactosyltransferase [9].
• We have also confirmed the identity of the galactosyltransferase by inserting the cDNA in frame into the genome of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris under the control of an AOX promoter and the yeast alpha secretion factor and observing the secretion of galactomannan alpha-galactosyltransferase activity [9].
• The kinetics of culture, polymerase chain reaction, and galactomannan were determined [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of C00883

• Galactomannan is a characteristic polysaccharide of the human filamentous fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus that can be used to diagnose invasive aspergillosis [11].
• Efficacy of unilamellar liposomal amphotericin B in treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis in persistently granulocytopenic rabbits: the potential role of bronchoalveolar D-mannitol and serum galactomannan as markers of infection [12].
• Lytic activities of lysozyme conjugates with galactomannan and palmitic acid were about 80 and 71% of native lysozyme using Micrococcus lysodeikticus as a substrate [13].
• Comparison of glucan detection and galactomannan enzyme immunoassay in gastrointestinal and systemic murine candidiasis [14].
• Galactomannan hydrolysis and mannose metabolism in Cellvibrio mixtus [15].

Biological context of C00883

• alpha-Galactosidases II, III and IV from seeds of Trifolium repens. Purification, physicochemical properties and mode of galactomannan hydrolysis in vitro [16].
• Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus and the Kinetics of Galactomannan in an In Vitro Model of Early Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Implications for Antifungal Therapy [10].
• An apparently unsporulated mycelium culture of one S. schenckii strain (1099.12) synthesized a galactomannan whose structure was partially determined by methylation analysis and by proton and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [17].
• A partially purified galactomannan from S. schenckii was inhibitory (62% inhibition), and a peptidopolysaccharide fraction in which the O-linked carbohydrate chains had been removed neither was toxic to macrophages nor inhibited phagocytosis [18].
• Serum galactomannan levels were at background despite documentation of invasive aspergillosis by histology [19].

Anatomical context of C00883

• Galactomannan was used to measure the antifungal effect of macrophages and amphotericin B [10].
• Autoradiography showed hepatic radiolabeled galactomannan to be concentrated in Kupffer cells, which express the mannosyl receptor for glycoproteins [20].
• Detection of Aspergillus galactomannan in cerebrospinal fluid may be diagnostic of cerebral aspergillosis [21].
• Aspergillus galactomannan antigen in the cerebrospinal fluid of bone marrow transplant recipients with probable cerebral aspergillosis [21].
• Modified cellulosomes displayed 20-fold-higher specific activities than control fractions on galactomannan substrates, whereas the specific activity on crystalline cellulose was reduced by 20% [22].

Associations of C00883 with other chemical compounds

• An alpha-D-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) and a beta-D-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78), which were secreted into the growth medium when Aspergillus tamarii was cultivated in the presence of galactomannan, were purified by a procedure including chromatography on hydroxyapatite and DEAE-cellulose columns [23].
• The galactomannan (GM) produced extracellularly by Aspergillus fumigatus has been purified by a double sequential hydrazine-nitrous acid treatment of the ethanol precipitate of the culture filtrate [24].
• In this study, T. maritima was grown on a range of polysaccharides, including barley beta-glucan, carboxymethyl cellulose, carob galactomannan, konjac glucomannan, and potato starch [25].
• However, while Tm Cel74 was most active towards barley glucan and to a lesser extent CMC, glucomannan and tamarind (xyloglucan), no activity was detected on other glycans, including galactomannan, laminarin and starch [26].
• An extracellular mannanase encoded by man5 (TM1227) was expressed on carob galactomannan and konjac glucomannan and to a lesser extent on carboxymethyl cellulose [25].

Gene context of C00883

• We previously found that the disruption of gms1+, a gene encoding the UDP-galactose transporter required for the synthesis of galactomannan, led to the complete defect of cell surface galactosylation in Sz. pombe [27].
• However two other mutants, cdc 4 and cdc 7, show a higher galactomannan content and a lower alpha-glucan content [28].
• Detection of Aspergillus galactomannan by enzyme immunoabsorbent assay in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective study [29].
• A radioaffinity assay for lectin binding to receptors was developed and characterized by using the interactions between soya-bean agglutinin and four glycoconjugates, namely thyroglobulin, galactomannan, fetuin and asialofetuin [30].
• The higher sensitivity obtained by inhibition-EIA may well be due to its ability to detect circulating antigens other than GM in the sera of IC patients with IA [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of C00883

• Three episodes were first suspected from galactomannan ELISA; the remaining 150 cases were diagnosed from clinical or radiologic evidence [32].
• Detection of galactomannan antigenemia by enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis: variables that affect performance [33].
• 2. CONCLUSIONS: Galactomannan detection in serum could be useful for an early diagnosis of IA in OLT recipients [34].
• Purified galactomannan (GM) from Aspergillus fumigatus was used in both a radioimmunoassay and an enzyme-linked immunoassay for antigen detection [35].
• The fate of radiolabeled Aspergillus fumigatus galactomannan was studied after intravenous injection into rabbits and rats [20].

References