Disease relevance of pentanedioic acid

• Uptake of the NAC-Hg(2+) conjugate was cis-inhibited by glutarate, but not by methylsuccinate, paralleling their effects on toxicity [1].
• Induced glutarate and 2-oxoglutarate uptake and transport by Pseudomonas putida were investigated in whole cells and membrane vesicles, respectively [2].
• Chemical cross-linking with disuccinimidyl glutarate was used to capture human cytomegalovirus protease in its various conformations [3].
• Two strains of new strictly anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria were enriched and isolated from a freshwater (strain WoG13) and a saltwater (strain CuG11) anoxic sediment with glutarate as sole energy source [4].
• Fermentative degradation of glutarate via decarboxylation by newly isolated strictly anaerobic bacteria [4].

High impact information on pentanedioic acid

• The question asked in the current study was on the effect of increasing doses of PLP to extend the circulating half-life of active PEG-rMETase holoenzyme in vivo. rMETase was conjugated with methoxypolyethylene glycol succinimidyl glutarate 5000 (MEGC-PEG) [5].
• Adipate, glutarate, and to a lesser extent, pimelate, 2-oxopimelate, 2-aminoadipate, oxaloacetate, and citrate were also transported by the human ODC [6].
• Brush border membrane vesicles were enriched in Na(+),K(+)-ATPase (20-fold; an apical marker in CP) and demonstrated specific, sodium-coupled transport of proline, glucose, and glutarate [7].
• Likewise, apical accumulation of 2,4-D by intact bovine choroid plexus tissue in vitro was stimulated by external glutarate in the presence of sodium [7].
• Toxicity of this conjugate was reduced by the OAT1-exchangeable dicarboxylates alpha-ketoglutarate, glutarate, and adipate, but not by succinate, a nonexchangeable dicarboxylate [1].

Chemical compound and disease context of pentanedioic acid

• Purification and characterization of 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase from Azotobacter vinelandii: evidence that the enzyme is bifunctional towards 2-keto-4-hydroxy glutarate cleavage [8].
• In contrast the toxicity of the unsubstituted succinate (VII), glutarate (X) and 2,4-dimethylglutarate (XI) was very low in normal rats but high in rats with inhibited esterase activity [9].
• The three-dimensional structures of pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate-type aspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli and its complexes with maleate and glutarate have been determined by X-ray crystallography at 2.2, 2.1, and 2.7 A resolution, respectively [10].
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 cannot utilize L-lysine effectively as a carbon source for growth but grows on cadaverine and glutarate [11].

Biological context of pentanedioic acid

• The dicarboxylate study demonstrates that both glutarate and terephthalate perturb the active-site environment, shifting the charge-transfer interaction to lower energy [12].
• Pyrazinamide (0.25-5.0 mM) significantly decreased flux through the glutarate pathway and potentiated tryptophan-mediated inhibition of gluconeogenesis; these changes were apparent at physiological concentrations of tryptophan [13].
• However, of these Krebs' cycle intermediates, only alphaKG and glutarate were able to affect p-aminohippurate (PAH) uptake into BLM vesicles [14].
• Genotype R227P/R402W was found in a patient with low glutarate excretion [15].
• Basolateral transport of glutarate in proximal S2 segments of rabbit kidney: kinetics of the uptake process and effect of activators of protein kinase A and C [16].

Anatomical context of pentanedioic acid

• The efflux of the preloaded [14C]PAH from the oocytes via OAT1 was trans-stimulated by PAH and glutarate added to the media [17].
• With glutamate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, piperazine-N-N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonate), glutarate, and glucose 1-phosphate, the predominant structures formed were sheets of parallel protofilaments rather than microtubules [18].
• An increased free glutarate level was demonstrated only in cerebrospinal fluid [19].
• 2) Glutarate concentration was significantly increased in the cell-free supernatant of the amniotic fluid [20].
• When the metabolic flux of 0.1 or 0.5mM tryptophan was investigated, the glutarate pathway was suppressed in the clofibrate-treated hepatocytes, the quinolinic acid-NAD+ flux being elevated [21].

Associations of pentanedioic acid with other chemical compounds

• In addition, glutarate and L-glutamate in ternary enzyme-NAD(P)H-substrate complexes induce very different coenzyme fluorescence properties, showing that glutamate induces a different conformation of the enzyme-coenzyme complex from that induced by glutarate [22].
• In oocytes, fROAT mediated probenecid-sensitive PAH uptake, with a Km for PAH of about 20 microM, and inhibited by external glutarate (GA) (1 mM) [23].
• Oocytes injected with rOAT1 cRNA showed significantly higher uptake of zidovudine (AZT) and acyclovir (ACV) than control oocytes. rOAT1-mediated uptake of AZT and ACV was probenecid-sensitive and increased by the outwardly directed gradient of glutarate [24].
• Uptake of p-aminohippurate (PAH) by the oocytes expressing OAT1 was markedly inhibited by glutarate, alpha-ketoglutarate and probenecid, moderately inhibited by folate and methotrexate, but not inhibited by taurocholate or tetraethylammonium [25].
• A pathway of glutarate fermentation via decarboxylation of glutaconyl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA is suggested which forms butyrate and partly isobutyrate by subsequent isomerization [4].

Gene context of pentanedioic acid

• [3H]E1S uptake via S2 OAT4 was significantly trans-stimulated by preloaded GA (P<0.001) and its [14C]GA efflux was significantly trans-stimulated by unlabeled E1S in the medium (P<0.05) [26].
• The Na(+)/dicarboxylate cotransporters (NaDC1) from mouse (m) and rabbit (rb) differ in their ability to handle glutarate [27].
• Crystal structures of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase complexed with glutamate and glutarate: true reaction intermediate and double substrate recognition of the enzyme [28].
• Initial binding of TGF-beta2 to difunctional succinimidyl glutarate (D-SG-PEG) or succinimidyl propionate polyethylene glycol (D-SE-PEG) linkers was completed after reacting for 8 or 10 min as monitored by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography [29].
• Barbiturate and 3,3'-tetramethylene glutarate potently inhibited AR-H, and quercitrin significantly decreased the activity of CR-K1, CR-K2, and AR-L [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of pentanedioic acid

• The binding affinities of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, tricarballate, glutarate, and acetate to a C(3)(v) symmetric metallo-host (1) are characterized in terms of the binding constants (K(a)) and the thermodynamic parameters deltaG degrees, deltaH degrees, and deltaS degrees, as determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) [31].
• Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of discrete mass poly(butylene glutarate) oligomers [32].

References