Disease relevance of glucose

• We have investigated the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance in muscle-specific IKK2 knockout mice and mice exhibiting a 50% reduction of IKK2 expression in every tissue and have found that, after gold thioglucose treatment, wild-type and mutant mice developed obesity to a similar extent [1].
• At 10 wk after gold thioglucose administration, body weight and the degree of glucose intolerance were increased [2].
• This was accompanied by overt hyperinsulinemia in both the basal state and also in response to an intravenous glucose bolus as indicated by the increase in the incremental area under the curve of insulin (5-wk control mice, 816 +/- 114 min/pM; 5-wk gold thioglucose-injected mice, 1374 +/- 156 min/pM; P < 0.05) [2].
• Gold thioglucose-induced hypothalamic damage, hyperphagia, and obesity: dependence on the adrenal gland [3].
• It has been reported that intraventricular administration of selected glucocorticoids restores hyperphagia and weight gain in anorexic adrenalectomized gold thioglucose-treated mice [4].

High impact information on glucose

• After the ventral medial hypothalamus of mice was lesioned with gold thioglucose, the dose of insulin required to produce convulsions in 50 percent of the animals was doubled compared to that in nonlesionad controls [5].
• Adipose tissue levels of gamma l and gamma 2 were not altered in two murine models of obesity (gold thioglucose and ob/ob), but were modestly increased in mice with toxigene-induced brown fat ablation uncoupling protein diphtheria toxin A mice [6].
• Mitotic spindles were isolated from a cell division cycle mutant of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the lysis of sphateroplasts on an air:buffer interface and were negatively stained with 1% gold thioglucose [7].
• When treated with gold thioglucose, p50alpha/p55alpha knockout mice become hyperphagic like their wild-type littermates [8].
• We compared IGF-I with insulin in the ability to activate PI 3-kinase in the isolated soleus muscle from lean and gold thioglucose-induced obese insulin-resistant mice [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of glucose

• The proportion of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the active, dephosphorylated form was decreased (compared with lean controls) in heart muscle in gold thioglucose-treated obese hyperinsulinaemic mice, and the extent of enzyme inactivation was significantly linearly correlated with both body weight and body fat content [10].
• Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced HIV-1 replication in OM10.1 or Ach2 cells was significantly inhibited by non-cytotoxic doses of AuTG (>10 microM in OM10.1 cells and >25 F.M in Ach2 cells), while 25 microM of the counter-anion thioglucose (TG) or gold compound containing divalent gold ion, HAuCl3, had no effect [11].
• Effects of ovariectomy and estradiol on body weight and food intake in gold thioglucose-treated mice [12].
• Effects of a new anorectic drug (PM 170) on development of gold thioglucose-induced obesity in mice [13].
• Adipocyte number and size in hypothalamic obesity induced in weanling mice by gold thioglucose and bipiperidyl mustard [14].

Biological context of glucose

• We propose that the thioglucose-alpha' chain bond was formed during the course of C activation by a reaction between the "labile binding site" of newly released C3b and the (then) particle-bound sugar [15].
• The injection of gold thioglucose led to increased food intake in both PBB/Ld and C57B1/6J mice [16].
• The present studies have examined the diurnal rhythm of corticosterone in genetically obese mice and in mice made obese by treatment with gold thioglucose [17].
• Extrahepatic fatty acid synthesis from a 250 mg meal of [U-(14)C]-glucose was measured in epidymal fat pads and the remaining carcass of hyperglycemic obese (obob), gold thioglucose obese, and nonobese controls under conditions of maximum and minimum lipogenesis [18].
• Effect of gold thioglucose-induced obesity on adipose tissue weight and cellularity in male and female mice suckled in large and small litters: investigations into sex differences and site differences [19].

Anatomical context of glucose

• Islet cell function in gold thioglucose-induced obesity in mice [20].
• Gold thioglucose, mimpa and lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus [21].
• Gold thioglucose concentrated in the kidneys and thymus, and 203Pb-thioglucose concentrated in the pancreas and thymus [22].
• The residual latent collagenase activity in the diseased PISF was activated by gold thioglucose and inhibited completely by 100 microM of doxycycline closely resembling pure neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8) [23].
• We also showed that obesity induced by gold thioglucose injection in FVB/n mice reduces the expression of resistin in isolated adipocytes [24].

Associations of glucose with other chemical compounds

• Reverse T3 and gold thioglucose (100 nmol/L) block bromoacetyl-125I-T3 labeling of the transiently expressed human and rat 5' DI proteins [25].
• A new strain of obese mouse, the PBB/Ld, has been studied in terms of fat pad cellularity, serum insulin and blood glucose levels, and response to gold thioglucose injections [16].
• Pyruvate dehydrogenase-complex activity in brown adipose tissue of gold thioglucose-obese mice [26].
• Recombinant Xenopus D1 was essentially insensitive to inhibition by 6-PTU (IC(50) > 1 mm) but was sensitive to gold thioglucose (IC(50) 0.1 mum) and iodoacetate (IC(50) 10 microm) [27].
• Studies on the effect of D-penicillamine, gold thioglucose and methotrexate on streptococcal cell wall arthritis [28].

Gene context of glucose

• Furthermore, induction of Scrg1 protein was observed in the brain of mice injured by canine distemper virus or gold thioglucose treatment [29].
• VGF is required for obesity induced by diet, gold thioglucose treatment, and agouti and is differentially regulated in pro-opiomelanocortin- and neuropeptide Y-containing arcuate neurons in response to fasting [30].
• Gold thioglucose treatment, which ablates leptin-responsive hypothalamic neurons, partially overcomes resistance to obesity in PTP1B(-/-) mice [31].
• Characterization and localization of mouse hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor and effect of gold thioglucose-induced hypothalamic lesions [32].
• Effect of delta22-5beta-taurocholenic acid on hepatic cholesterol and fatty acid in gold thioglucose obese mice fed low- or high-fat diets [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of glucose

• The structure of both conformations was determined by means of electron microscopy of gold thioglucose-stained single particles [34].
• Anorexia after adrenalectomy in gold thioglucose-treated obese mice [35].
• Ionization constants for acid functions of D-penicillamine, L-cysteine, thiomalic acid, and thioglucose were measured by pH titration at 37 degrees and 0.15 M ionic strength [36].
• Ovariectomy increased body weight in saline controls but it was without effect on the body weight of gold thioglucose-treated mice [12].
• Placement of gold thioglucose-filled cannulas into various areas of the avian brain which have previously been shown to have an effect on food consumption did not result in any significant increases in food consumption or body weight gain [37].

References