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Gene Review

CHAT  -  choline O-acetyltransferase

Sus scrofa

 
 
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Disease relevance of CHAT

 

Psychiatry related information on CHAT

 

High impact information on CHAT

 

Chemical compound and disease context of CHAT

 

Biological context of CHAT

 

Anatomical context of CHAT

 

Associations of CHAT with chemical compounds

  • The enzyme choline acetyltransferase catalyses the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and constitutes a specific marker of cholinergic system [16].
  • The absence of significant changes in the total amount of the neuronal enzyme, choline acetyltransferase, per ventricle contrasted with the observed increases in the myocardial enzyme, carnitine acetyltransferase [1].
  • Diaminobenzidine and tetramethylbenzidine were used as chromogens to distinguish ChAT (protein) and VIP (peptide) immunoreactivities [20].
  • PPPFL fixative is more reliable for simultaneously preserving ChAT and VIP immunoreactivities than were periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixative, Zamboni's fixative, or 2% paraformaldehyde solution alone [20].
  • ChAT was measured by the synthesis of 3H-acetylcholine in the presence of 3H-acetyl CoA and choline [17].
 

Co-localisations of CHAT

 

Other interactions of CHAT

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CHAT

References

  1. In vitro acetylcholine biosynthesis in normal and failing guinea pig hearts. Roskoski, R., Schmid, P.G., Mayer, H.E., Abboud, F.M. Circ. Res. (1975) [Pubmed]
  2. Effects of chronic progressive myocardial hypertrophy on indexes of cardiac autonomic innervation. Lindpaintner, K., Lund, D.D., Schmid, P.G. Circ. Res. (1987) [Pubmed]
  3. Neurochemical coding of enteric neurons in the guinea pig stomach. Schemann, M., Schaaf, C., Mäder, M. J. Comp. Neurol. (1995) [Pubmed]
  4. Retroviral-mediated gene transfer of the porcine choline acetyltransferase: a model to study the synthesis and secretion of acetylcholine in mammalian cells. Xi, X.G., Horellou, P., Leroy, C., Mallet, J. Neurochem. Int. (1993) [Pubmed]
  5. Hypoxia-induced changes in parasympathetic neurochemical markers in guinea pig heart. Crockatt, L.H., Lund, D.D., Schmid, P.G., Roskoski, R. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology. (1981) [Pubmed]
  6. Immunohistochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase in the human cerebellum. Kan, K.S., Chao, L.P., Forno, L.S. Brain Res. (1980) [Pubmed]
  7. Characterization of excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons to the guinea pig lower esophageal sphincter. Brookes, S.J., Chen, B.N., Hodgson, W.M., Costa, M. Gastroenterology (1996) [Pubmed]
  8. Identification of motor neurons to the longitudinal muscle of the guinea pig ileum. Brookes, S.J., Song, Z.M., Steele, P.A., Costa, M. Gastroenterology (1992) [Pubmed]
  9. Production of specific antisera and monoclonal antibodies to choline acetyltransferase: characterization and use for identification of cholinergic neurons. Eckenstein, F., Thoenen, H. EMBO J. (1982) [Pubmed]
  10. cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and chromosomal localization of the gene for human carnitine palmitoyltransferase. Finocchiaro, G., Taroni, F., Rocchi, M., Martin, A.L., Colombo, I., Tarelli, G.T., DiDonato, S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1991) [Pubmed]
  11. Immunohistochemical demonstration of choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive preganglionic nerve fibers in guinea pig autonomic ganglia. Lindh, B., Staines, W., Hökfelt, T., Terenius, L., Salvaterra, P.M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1986) [Pubmed]
  12. Nitric oxide synthase, choline acetyltransferase, catecholamine enzymes and neuropeptides and their colocalization in the anterior pelvic ganglion, the inferior mesenteric ganglion and the hypogastric nerve of the male guinea pig. Elfvin, L.G., Holmberg, K., Emson, P., Schemann, M., Hökfelt, T. J. Chem. Neuroanat. (1997) [Pubmed]
  13. Effect of total or partial uterus extirpation on uterus-projecting neurons in porcine inferior mesenteric ganglion. A. Changes in expression of transmitter-synthesizing enzymes--tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase and choline acetyltransferase. Wasowicz, K. Polish journal of veterinary sciences. (2003) [Pubmed]
  14. Comparison of the promoter region of the human and porcine choline acetyltransferase genes: localization of an important enhancer region. Hersh, L.B., Kong, C.F., Sampson, C., Mues, G., Li, Y.P., Fisher, A., Hilt, D., Baetge, E.E. J. Neurochem. (1993) [Pubmed]
  15. Assignment of the choline acetyltransferase gene to porcine chromosome 14q25-27 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Murakami, Y., Itoh, T., Yasue, H. Mamm. Genome (1996) [Pubmed]
  16. Molecular genetic approach to the study of mammalian choline acetyltransferase. Berrard, S., Brice, A., Mallet, J. Brain Res. Bull. (1989) [Pubmed]
  17. Biochemical evidence for cholinergic activity in retinal blood vessels. Ferrari-Dileo, G., Davis, E.B., Anderson, D.R. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (1989) [Pubmed]
  18. Distinct contributions of high- and low-voltage-activated calcium currents to afterhyperpolarizations in cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons of the guinea pig. Williams, S., Serafin, M., Mühlethaler, M., Bernheim, L. J. Neurosci. (1997) [Pubmed]
  19. Nerve growth factor-mediated induction of choline acetyltransferase in PC12 cells: evaluation of the site of action of nerve growth factor and the involvement of lysosomal degradation products of nerve growth factor. Heumann, R., Schwab, M., Merkl, R., Thoenen, H. J. Neurosci. (1984) [Pubmed]
  20. Cholinergic and VIPergic innervation in cerebral arteries: a sequential double-labeling immunohistochemical study. Miao, F.J., Lee, T.J. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. (1990) [Pubmed]
  21. Localization of dynorphin B-like and alpha-neoendorphin-like immunoreactivities in the guinea pig organ of Corti. Altschuler, R.A., Hoffman, D.W., Reeks, K.A., Fex, J. Hear. Res. (1985) [Pubmed]
  22. Action of bradykinin in the submucosal plexus of guinea pig small intestine. Hu, H.Z., Gao, N., Liu, S., Ren, J., Wang, X., Xia, Y., Wood, J.D. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (2004) [Pubmed]
  23. Heterogeneous expression of SNAP-25 and synaptic vesicle proteins by central and peripheral inputs to sympathetic neurons. Gibbins, I.L., Jobling, P., Teo, E.H., Matthew, S.E., Morris, J.L. J. Comp. Neurol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  24. Muscular innervation of the proximal duodenum of the guinea pig. Iino, S. Arch. Histol. Cytol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  25. Purification and immunochemical properties of choline acetyltransferase from human brain. Peng, J.H., McGeer, P.L., Kimura, H., Sung, S.C., McGeer, E.G. Neurochem. Res. (1980) [Pubmed]
  26. Choline acetyltransferase-containing neurons in rodent brain demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Kimura, H., McGeer, P.L., Peng, F., McGeer, E.G. Science (1980) [Pubmed]
  27. Characterization of mono- and polyclonal antibodies against highly purified choline acetyltransferase: a monoclonal antibody shows reactivity in human brain. Ostermann-Latif, C., Mäder, M., Unger, J.W., Bartke, I., Naujoks, K., Peters, J.H., Felgenhauer, K. J. Neurochem. (1992) [Pubmed]
  28. Inputs from intrinsic primary afferent neurons to nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons in the myenteric plexus of guinea pig ileum. Li, Z.S., Furness, J.B. Cell Tissue Res. (2000) [Pubmed]
  29. Preganglionic sympathetic neurones, innervating the guinea pig adrenal medulla, immunohistochemically contain choline acetyltransferase and also leu-enkephalin. Colombo-Benkmann, M., Heym, C., Schemann, M. Neurosci. Lett. (1995) [Pubmed]
 
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