Disease relevance of Atrial Appendage

• Anomalous pulmonary venous connection (one patient), atrial septal defect (three patients) and subpulmonary stenosis (five patients) were better assessed by transesophageal imaging, and atrial appendage morphology could be demonstrated in all [1].
• Next, the two trabeculae from one atrial appendage were studied simultaneously, adding diazoxide to the tissue bath 10 minutes before hypoxia in one, with another serving as a control [2].
• We report the case of an infant with anatomically corrected malposition of the great arteries in solitus [S, L, D], associated with ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and right juxtaposition of the atrial appendages [3].
• Following electrophysiological study and intraoperative mapping, an 11-year-old girl with incessant automatic atrial tachycardia and clinical features of congestive cardiomyopathy underwent successful surgical excision of an ectopic focus localized to the right atrial appendage [4].
• (b) cacification of all 3 component lesions of the left atrium, i.e., the left atrial appendage, the free wall, and the mitral valve (Severe mitral stenosis) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Atrial Appendage

• During lateral and atrial appendage pacing, with a progressive decrease of AV interval to 160, 100, 80, 40, 0 msec, the ERP, the dispersion of ERP, functional refractory period (FRP), A2 and latency period (LP) did not change significantly, in both groups [6].

High impact information on Atrial Appendage

• Acute ANP antagonism was produced by administration of the particulate guanylate cyclase coupled natriuretic peptide receptor antagonist, HS-142-1, to seven conscious dogs with ELVD and intact atrial appendages (ELVD-INTACT) [7].
• Tissues from explanted recipient hearts and atrial appendage samples obtained during coronary bypass graft operations were also examined and displayed varying amounts of N-CAM immunoreactivity [8].
• Cephalothin recipients who developed wound or blood stream infections had lower antibiotic levels in their atrial appendages than recipients not developing such infections (p = 0.02) [9].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-two halothane-anesthetized mongrel dogs underwent insertion of a transvenous lead at the right atrial appendage that was continuously paced at 400 beats per minute for 6 weeks [10].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: Sections of atrial appendages (AUTHR, n = 14; controls (CO), n = 13) were analyzed for MC by Giemsa, toluidine blue, and berberine sulfate stains and by immunohistochemistry [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Atrial Appendage

• Atrial fibrillation was induced either by local application of acetylcholine (10% in normal saline) on the left atrial appendage or by electric stimulation (2-7 volts, 2 ms, 50 Hz) [12].
• Percutaneous occlusion of the left atrial appendage is a new approach to stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation and contraindication for long-term warfarin treatment [13].
• Atrial fibrillation increases production of superoxide by the left atrium and left atrial appendage: role of the NADPH and xanthine oxidases [14].

Biological context of Atrial Appendage

• METHODS: Right atrial appendages were obtained from seven different groups of patients: nondiabetics, diet-controlled diabetics, noninsulin-dependent diabetics (NIDD) receiving KATP channel blockers, insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD), and patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >50%, LVEF between 30% and 50% and LVEF <30% [15].
• Concentrations of fusidic acid, cloxacillin, and cefamandole in sera and atrial appendages of patients undergoing cardiac surgery [16].
• The present studies were undertaken to gain insight into the intrarenal mechanisms participating in the post-UNX natriuresis in circumstances in which the release or the action of endogenous ANP were suppressed by prior removal of the right atrial appendage and by administration of monoclonal anti-ANP antibodies, respectively [17].
• Distension of small balloons at the pulmonary vein-atrial junctions and in the left atrial appendage discretely to stimulate the atrial receptors in eleven dogs anaesthetized with chloralose resulted in a significant diuresis [18].

Anatomical context of Atrial Appendage

• Longitudinal and short-axis imaging readily disclosed each cardiac valve, support structures and chamber, as well as the pericardium, right and left atrial appendages, the junction of the right atrium and superior vena cava, crista terminalis, tricuspid valve isthmus, coronary sinus orifice, membranous fossa ovalis and pulmonary veins [19].
• RESULTS: Using an immunohistochemical method dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-positive neurones were found in the papillary muscle and right atrial appendage sample [20].
• The most frequent sites included the regions adjacent to the atrioventricular valves, the left ventricular outflow tract, atrial appendages, and areas of venous inflow, including the coronary sinus, superior vena cava, and pulmonary veins [21].
• 4. When adenosine was infused at a rate of 100 n-mol/kg.min, the thorax was opened and the apex of the heart and the left atrial appendage were removed for nucleotide assay [22].
• Samples of right atrial appendage, pericardial fluid, plasma, aortic wall, intercostal muscle, and sternum were obtained at different times after the antibiotic was injected, and these samples were assayed for cephalosporin concentration [23].

Associations of Atrial Appendage with chemical compounds

• Right atrial appendage magnesium concentration correlated positively with serum creatinine concentration (r = 0.31, p = 0.002) and negatively with serum calcium concentration (r = -0.29, p = 0.013) [24].
• OBJECTIVES: We compared the effects of intrapericardial and intracoronary nitroglycerin on coronary cross-sectional area as assessed by intravascular ultrasound and demonstrated the feasibility of local cardiac drug delivery by a newly developed method to access the normal pericardial space through the right atrial appendage [25].
• Comparative penetration of cefonicid and cefazolin into the atrial appendage and pericardial fluid of patients undergoing open-heart surgery [26].
• At 3 h the concentrations of ceforanide and cefamandole in atrial appendages were 28.0 and 5.0 micrograms/g, respectively [23].
• Penetration of cephapirin and cephalothin into the right atrial appendage and pericardial fluid of patients undergoing open-heart surgery [27].

Gene context of Atrial Appendage

• In this study we did not detect either RyR1 or RyR3 in human atrial appendage [28].
• We report the purification and the sequence determination of bovine atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in acid extracts of bovine atrial appendages [29].
• Total RNA was prepared from the atrial appendages from 0 to 8 hours after the onset of pacing, and mRNA levels of Kv1.2, Kv1 [30].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: Right atrial appendages of 36 patients with either paroxysmal or persistent AF were compared with 36 case matched controls in sinus rhythm for mRNA expression of pro- atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP), pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP), and their natriuretic peptide receptor type-A (NPR-A) [31].
• 2. In order to investigate whether these effects are due to quantitative changes in cardiac G-protein isoforms, we measured their abundance in right atrial appendage from patients taking or not taking beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonists, by immunoblotting [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Atrial Appendage

• Electrical stimulation of the atrial appendage increased the ANF secretion by 60.2% (P < 0.02), in conjunction with neuropeptide Y, whereas control stimulations were ineffective [33].
• Surgical repair was performed without cardiopulmonary bypass by anastomosing the left superior cava to the superior aspect of the right atrial appendage, and was facilitated by the ectopic location of the appendage [34].
• To evaluate the role of cardiac operation and the atrial appendage in secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide in response to sodium loading, we studied 44 patients who underwent heart operations with (28 patients; group I) or without (16 patients; group II) right atrial appendectomy and 16 patients who underwent lobectomy (group III) [35].
• One day after the last injection, the animals were decapitated, blood was collected, and both right and left atrial appendages were quickly removed for determination of ANP by radioimmunoassay (RIA), or used for ANP mRNA determination [36].
• We examined diastolic transmitral, left atrial appendage, and pulmonary venous flow pulsed-wave Doppler velocities in five dogs sedated with Valium and ketamine both before and 1 week after rapid (400 beats/min) atrial pacing with transesophageal echocardiography [37].

References