Disease relevance of cefamandole

• Gastrointestinal bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency in patients on parenteral cefamandole [1].
• Seven Staphylococcus aureus infections occurred among cefazolin recipients as compared with no such infections among the patients receiving cefamandole (p less than 0.01) [2].
• Results have usually been considered similar in most studies, although in some studies, agents with limited Bacteroides fragilis activity, such as cefamandole or cefaperazone, have been considered inferior [3].
• Amdinocillin in combination with another beta-lactam antibiotic (ampicillin, cephalothin, cefamandole or cefoxitin) was used to treat 25 patients with pyelonephritis (with or without bacteremia), pneumonia, bacteremia secondary to intravenous devices, and urinary tract infections (with catheter in place) due to gram-negative organisms [4].
• All isolates were susceptible to cefamandole except one strain of Serratia marcescens, which was susceptible to the combination [5].

Psychiatry related information on cefamandole

• Drug usage review of cefamandole at a teaching hospital [6].

High impact information on cefamandole

• Multivariate analysis using logistic regression analyses identified surgery on lower extremities, delayed surgery, diabetes mellitus, past history of vascular surgery, and short antimicrobial prophylaxis (three doses of cefamandole) as independent risk factors for SWI [7].
• CONCLUSION: Ciprofloxacin appeared to be as safe and effective as cefamandole in this nursing home program; however, additional studies are needed to determine its role in the treatment of elderly patients with bronchopulmonary infections [8].
• These data suggest that gentamicin has no role as a prophylactic antibiotic in cardiac surgery and that, compared with cefamandole, cefazolin offers unreliable prophylaxis against deep infection at both the sternal and donor sites [2].
• The comparative influence of prophylactic antibiotics on the prothrombin response to warfarin in the postoperative prosthetic cardiac valve patient. Cefamandole, cefazolin, vancomycin [9].
• Four (12.9%) of 31 in whom a baseline normal prothrombin time was obtained developed hypoprothrombinemia during cefamandole therapy [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of cefamandole

• Empiric therapy for infections in patients with granulocytopenia. Continuous v interrupted infusion of tobramycin plus cefamandole [11].
• The clinical efficacy of ceftazidime against infections caused by the gram-positive cocci, particularly Staphylococcus species, was surprisingly good (85 percent) and similar to the efficacy achieved in the cefamandole-treated patients (85 percent) [12].
• In a randomized, prospective clinical trial cefamandole therapy was compared with cefamandole plus amdinocillin in infants and children with suspected bacterial infections [5].
• Clearance of cefamandole (290 ml/min) and cephalothin (348 ml/min) were similar pre- and postinduction of pancreatitis [13].
• Its activity against Staphylococcus aureus is less than that of cefamandole, cefuroxime and first generation cephalosporins [14].

Biological context of cefamandole

• Serial prothrombin time monitoring is indicated when patients receive cefamandole [10].
• A pharmacokinetic model and distributional clearance terms to describe bidirectional peritoneal transfer were used to examine cefamandole pharmacokinetics in five uninfected patients with end-stage renal disease who were receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [15].
• Cefamandole kinetics in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis [16].
• Hydrolysis of cefamandole nafate to cefamandole in vivo [17].
• Increased phagocytosis and killing of Escherichia coli treated with subinhibitory concentrations of cefamandole and gentamicin in isolated rat livers [18].

Anatomical context of cefamandole

• The prothrombin time normalized in six of seven patients following administration of fresh frozen plasma, phytonadione therapy, discontinuation of cefamandole, or a combination of the three [10].
• In normal animals, a mean maximum concentration of 0.22 +/- 0.13 microgram of cefamandole per ml was measured in the spinal fluid after a dose of 150 mg/kg given intramuscularly; with 25 and 50 mg/kg doses, no antibiotic was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid [19].
• Concentration of cefamandole in serum interstitial fluid, bile, and urine [20].
• Biliary levels of cefamandole remained depressed even when the drug was administered as late as 7 days after decompression of the biliary tract [21].
• Mean (+/- standard deviation) concentrations in atrial appendages taken 1 h (+/- 15 min) after infusion were 21.3 +/- 11.0 micrograms of cefamandole per g, 23.8 +/- 17.3 micrograms of cloxacillin per g, and 10.7 +/- 4.2 micrograms of fusidic acid per g [22].

Associations of cefamandole with other chemical compounds

• In an effort to develop an improved regimen of antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery, 1030 patients who were to have elective cardiothoracic surgery involving a median sternotomy were selected at random to receive cefamandole or cefazolin, with or without gentamicin, in a prospective double-blind study [2].
• Comparative studies, using either cefamandole or tobramycin plus ticarcillin as control drugs, included 239 patients [12].
• Comparative studies of cefamandole and cephalothin were carried out in 32 cancer patients [23].
• In vitro and in vivo studies with BL-S786, cefoxitin, and cefamandole [24].
• A total of 555 strains were obtained from eight centers in the United States. In addition to the nine antimicrobial agents studied in the two previous years, three other agents were added to the evaluation: cefamandole, cefuroxime, and cefonicid [25].

Gene context of cefamandole

• Ceftibuten, dicloxacillin, amoxicillin, metampicillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, cefixime, cefamandole, oxacillin and cefmetazole interacted with PEPT2 with medium affinity (K(i)=0.1-5mM) [26].
• The sulbactam-ampicillin combination and cefamandole were extremely active in the production of IFN-tau [27].
• No significant correlation was found between the antibacterial activity and the beta-lactamase stability of cefamandole, except with Enterobacter [28].
• It is similar to cefamandole in its superiority to first generation cephalosporins against several enterobacteriaceae as well as its activity against Haemophilus influenzae, including beta-lactamase-producing strains [29].
• Against cefamandole-resistant strains, 87% of the vancomycin-containing sera were bactericidal at a dilution of 1:8, whereas only 57% of the cefamandole-plus-tobramycin-containing sera were active at that dilution [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cefamandole

• Systemic prophylactic antibiotics can successfully reduce septic complications after appendectomy for nonperforated appendicitis, and a single drug (cefamandole) directed at the facultative pathogens is as effective as double drug therapy, which includes specific anaerobic coverage [31].
• The influence of cefamandole and vancomycin used for prophylaxis on the warfarin anticoagulation response in 60 cardiac valve replacement patients during the postoperative period is presented [32].
• Mean cefamandole clearance by hemodialysis was 24 +/- 12 ml/min; 35 +/- 15% of the dose was recovered in the dialysate [16].
• Throughout CPB (maximum, 3,7 hr), cefamandole plasma levels were maintained above the minimum inhibitory concentration for those organisms most likely to cause postoperative infections [33].
• Cefamandole kinetics during cardiopulmonary bypass [33].

References