Disease relevance of Hydronephrosis

• Among eight patients with unilateral hydronephrosis and hypertension, peripheral plasma renin activity was normal in seven and borderline high in one [1].
• After maternal exposure to TCDD, homozygous hAHR fetuses developed embryonic hydronephrosis, but not cleft palate, whereas fetuses possessing Ahr(b-1) or Ahr(d) developed both anomalies [2].
• The nephrogenic diabetes insipidus symptoms and the absence of developmental defects in the pyeloureteral peristaltic machinery in the mutants before the onset of hydronephrosis suggest that the congenital obstructive nephropathy is most likely a result of the polyuria [3].
• The most frequent single malformations were: hydronephrosis (8%), cleft palate (8%), diaphragmatic hernia (5%), exomphalos (5%), hare lip (4%), and horseshoe kidney (4%) [4].
• The onset of hydronephrosis following unilateral ureteral obstruction is associated with the induced expression of RNA and proteins encoded by the SGP-2 gene [5].

Psychiatry related information on Hydronephrosis

• Common features of T8mS include mild-to-moderate mental retardation, strabismus, osseous and soft tissue abnormalities, lowset and/or malformed ears, broad bulbous nose, palate deformity, various types of congenital cardiovascular disorders, hydronephrosis, cryptorchidism, and characteristic dermatoglyphics [6].

High impact information on Hydronephrosis

• Rara(-/-) Rarb2(-/-) mice display impaired vitamin A signaling and develop syndromic urogenital malformations similar to those that occur in humans, including renal hypoplasia, hydronephrosis and mega-ureter, abnormalities also seen in mice with mutations in the proto-oncogene Ret [7].
• Fifteen of these procedures were performed for one of two congenital anomalies: severe bilateral hydronephrosis and congenital diaphragmatic hernia [8].
• Approximately one third of the BALB/c-Fcgr2b(-/-)Pdcd1(-/-) mice developed autoimmune hydronephrosis, which is not observed in either BALB/c-Fcgr2b(-/-) or BALB/c-Pdcd1(-/-) mice [9].
• Enhancing effect on N-nitrosodimethylamine-induced tumorigenesis by unilateral hydronephrosis [10].
• Thus, proliferation of fibroblast-like cells and the presence of mononuclear cells appear to be involved in the exaggerated prostaglandin and thromboxane production underlying hydronephrosis [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hydronephrosis

• Modulation of N-nitrosodimethylamine kidney tumorigenesis by unilateral hydronephrosis and multiple putrescine administrations [12].
• Wild-type mice treated with furosemide, an inhibitor of NaK2Cl cotransporters, have a phenotype similar to the indomethacin-rescued -/- adults except that hydronephrosis was mild [13].
• Effect of endogenously produced leukotrienes and thromboxane on renal vascular resistance in rabbit hydronephrosis [14].
• In the current study, we have used a novel transgenic strategy to restore the peptide product of the renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin II, exclusively in the brain of AGT-deficient mice and demonstrate that brain-specific angiotensin II can correct the hydronephrosis and partially correct renal dysfunction seen in AGT-deficient mice [15].
• Angiotensinogen-, angiotensin-converting enzyme-, and angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT(1)R)-deficient mice exhibit a dilated renal pelvis (hydronephrosis) and a small papilla [16].

Biological context of Hydronephrosis

• The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of modifying diuresis renography by the simultaneous administration of 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) and furosemide in the investigation of hydronephrosis and hydroureteronephrosis in infants and children [17].
• BACKGROUND: In the neonatal period, angiotensin II (Ang II) is up-regulated and induces a timely development of the renal pelvis and ureteral peristalsis, thereby protecting the kidney from hydronephrosis [18].
• When pregnant dams were administered with TCDD by gavage, at a dose of 40 microg/kg body weight at gestation day 12.5, none of the Ahr-null mutant foetuses were sensitive to the teratogenic effects of TCDD, although almost all wild-type foetuses suffered from cleft palate and hydronephrosis [19].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective multicenter review of Society for Fetal Urology data sheets completed for each patient in whom prenatal hydronephrosis was proved to be postnatal vesicoureteral reflux from 1993 to 1998 [20].
• In heterozygous Ahr+/- genotypes, nearly all foetuses suffered from hydronephrosis in response to TCDD treatment, while haplo-insufficiency was observed in the incidence of cleft palate [19].

Anatomical context of Hydronephrosis

• The effects of unilateral hydronephrosis by ligation of the right ureter and/or multiple injections of putrescine on kidney tumorigenesis by a single intrarenal injection of N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMN) were studied [12].
• These data suggest that hypertension associated with unilateral hydronephrosis is partly renin-dependent; and renal vein renin values are helpful in selecting patients for surgery [1].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on children presenting with a febrile urinary tract infection and prenatal hydronephrosis who were found to have vesicoureteral reflux and underwent a DMSA scan [21].
• In the hydronephrosis group the clinical features that significantly correlated with the increased serum level were bilateral hydronephrosis, urinary tract infection, proteinuria, increased serum blood urea nitrogen, severe urinary tract occlusion and high grade hydronephrosis [22].
• Renal lymph did contain measurable levels of Ep following renal artery constriction, unilateral hydronephrosis or phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia [23].

Gene context of Hydronephrosis

• The renal medulla in most AQP1/AQP3 null mice by age 4 weeks was atrophic and fluid-filled due to the severe polyuria and hydronephrosis [24].
• In a multivariate Cox regression model, APE1 and XRCC1 expression and hydronephrosis were the only independent predictors of patient survival [25].
• The AhR-ligand complex is known to mediate a range of biological responses, such as developmental toxicity, induction of cleft palate, and hydronephrosis [26].
• Also, EGF and TGF-alpha are not required for the induction of hydronephrosis, but when either is absent the response of the fetal urinary tract to TCDD is enhanced [27].
• Both male and female acd/acd mice are characterized by reduced survival, retarded growth, skin hyperpigmentation, poorly developed pelage and focal ureteral blockage leading to hydronephrosis [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hydronephrosis

• Stent malfunction was defined as continuous flank pain manifesting as recurrent episodes of acute renal colic, 1 or more episodes of pyelonephritis, persistent hydronephrosis or elevated creatinine [29].
• Re: Optimal timing of initial postnatal ultrasonography in newborns with prenatal hydronephrosis [30].
• Stenosis of the afferent antireflux valve of the Kock pouch, previously unreported to our knowledge, is a rare late complication leading to flank pain, hydronephrosis, recurrent infection and elevation of serum creatinine levels [31].
• CONCLUSIONS: In children with VUR and suspected coexisting UPJ obstruction dynamic renal scintigraphy may support significant obstruction when hydronephrosis is at least moderate in degree or ureteral dilatation is present but is unlikely to do so if neither is observed [32].
• Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR urography in the evaluation of pediatric hydronephrosis: Part 1, functional assessment [33].

References