Disease relevance of Gfap

• In contrast to glial heme oxygenase-1 upregulation, glial fibrillary acidic protein, a sensitive marker for reactive gliosis, was significantly reduced [1].
• The present work employs immunohistochemistry to analyze neurons and glial cells in the esophageal and colic enteric plexus of the Wistar rat for neurofilament (NF) and glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP) immunoreactivity as well as bFGF immunoreactivity in these cells [2].
• Downregulation of osteoblast markers and induction of the glial fibrillary acidic protein by oncostatin M in osteosarcoma cells require PKCdelta and STAT3 [3].
• Effects of diabetes mellitus on astrocyte GFAP and glutamate transporters in the CNS [4].
• Previous studies have shown decreased immunoreactive glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) when magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) are activated by lactation or dehydration [5].

Psychiatry related information on Gfap

• Electroconvulsive shock and lidocaine-induced seizures in the rat activate astrocytes as measured by glial fibrillary acidic protein [6].
• The goal of the present study was to evaluate whether individual differences in the extent or spatial distribution of lesion-induced increases in GFAP mRNA are related to the occurrence of either SD or seizures [7].
• Increased striatal glial fibrillary acidic protein concentration in Wistar rats correlated with several parameters of the footprint analysis and with the latency and distance in visual as well as spatial discrimination learning in the Morris Water Maze [8].
• The combined effects of acute alcoholic intoxication and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) on zif/268, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA expression were examined [9].
• Lower packing density of glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive astrocytes in the prelimbic cortex of alcohol-naive and alcohol-drinking alcohol-preferring rats as compared with alcohol-nonpreferring and Wistar rats [10].

High impact information on Gfap

• This protein is present in the developing optic nerve when type-2 astrocytes are differentiating and can induce O-2A progenitor cells in vitro to express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of astrocyte differentiation [11].
• Glial cells in the enteric nervous system contain glial fibrillary acidic protein [12].
• Silver grain density was increased over cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and was reduced to background levels when sodium was omitted from the medium or the specific inhibitors of serotonin uptake fluoxetine and chlorimipramine were present [13].
• FGF2 facilitates access of the STAT/CBP (signal transducer and activator of transcription/CRE binding protein) complex to the GFAP promoter by inducing Lys4 methylation and suppressing Lys9 methylation of histone H3 at the STAT binding site [14].
• The proportion of radial glial cell fibers expressing nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein was determined in the CA1 region of the hippocampus [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Gfap

• ACT-57, retained a detectable level of expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and its mRNA, and exhibited a stronger expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA than that of normal rat astrocytes or C6 glioma cells [16].
• In parallel immunohistological study, no significant variations were found for striatal microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2)- nor OX-41-immunoreactive cells, while the number of strongly labeled glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive cells were increased in DA-depleted striatum, suggesting reactive gliosis [17].
• In addition, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA expression was enhanced in astrocytes 6 h after ischemia in clenbuterol-treated animals [18].
• Synthesis of glial fibrillary acidic protein in rat C6 glioma in chemically defined medium: cyclic AMP-dependent transcriptional and translational regulation [19].
• Injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) in the dorsal and medial raphe nuclei, producing a partial loss of 5-HT neurons, induced rapid and transient increases in glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity indicative of a reactive gliosis, but no changes in the S100beta or tenascin-C normally secreted by astroglial cells [20].

Biological context of Gfap

• Changes were remarkably similar in both models, indicating a decreased cell proliferation in DG, an increased number of astrocytes immunopositive for GFAP and ApoE and a reduced number of hilar neurones [21].
• More generally, we hypothesize that physiological variations in E2 levels modulate neuronal plasticity through direct effects on GFAP transcription that, in turn, modify GFAP-containing intermediate filaments and reorganize astrocytic laminin [22].
• In the present work, as a preliminary step to the study of glial-specific gene expression, we cloned the rat GFAP gene, and we report the sequence of 1.9 kb of the 5' flanking region, exon 1, and the majority of the first intron [23].
• Effect of reactive cell density on net [2-14C]acetate uptake into rat brain: labeling of clusters containing GFAP+- and lectin+-immunoreactive cells [24].
• In the 5' flanking region we identified a CpG site at position -1176 whose level of methylation is inversely correlated to GFAP expression [23].

Anatomical context of Gfap

• The increased number of GFAP-positive astrocytes induced by bFGF correlated with the increase in the number of TR-positive neurons, with graft volume and with neurite outgrowth [25].
• Effects of 1alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the expression of HO-1 and GFAP in glial cells of the photothrombotically lesioned cerebral cortex [1].
• However, blood vessel labelling was similarly widespread and so the responses may be linked between Müller cell GFAP reaction and blood vessel bFGF localization after laser lesions [26].
• The membranes were immunostained for visualization of NF, GFAP, and bFGF [2].
• The results suggest that immunohistochemical localization of NF and GFAP may be an important tool in the study of the plasticity in the enteric nervous system [2].

Associations of Gfap with chemical compounds

• Estradiol (E2) enhances neurite outgrowth by repressing glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and reorganizing laminin [22].
• BMPs 2, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 12 also promoted DNA synthesis and astroglial cell differentiation, visualized by 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunocytochemistry respectively [27].
• Suppression of cell proliferation and subsequent maturation of GFAP-positive cells by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine or aminoadipic acid abolished the neuron survival-promoting effect of BMP 2 [27].
• Messenger RNA for glial fibrillary acidic protein is decreased in rat brain following acute and chronic corticosterone treatment [28].
• Hippocampal GFAP mRNA (2.9 kb) decreases in a dose-dependent manner in response to CORT by RNA blot hybridization using a mouse GFAP cRNA probe; a similar decrease in response to the glucocorticoid agonist, RU 28362, is consistent with a type II glucocorticoid receptor-mediated effect [28].

Physical interactions of Gfap

• O-2A/c-myc cells did however contain several novel GFAP/AP-1-specific DNA-binding complexes, which we have termed APprog [29].
• GRP78-binding protein regulates cAMP-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in rat C6 glioblastoma cells [30].

Co-localisations of Gfap

• Double labeling demonstrated that, in both control and experimental tissue, ciliary neurotrophic factor mRNA was colocalized with glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in astroglia, but it was not colocalized with markers for oligodendrocytes or microglia [31].
• Nestin was co-localized with glial fibrillary acidic protein in some glial cells in SCI [32].
• Immunocytochemistry shows that gamma-synuclein generally colocalizes with glial fibrillary acidic protein-expressing cells and is abundant in the red nucleus, the substantia nigra reticulata and the anterior commissure, while gamma-synuclein mRNA labels the matrix compartments of the caudate-putamen [33].
• Furthermore, we show that N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase-like immunoreactivity is extensively co-localized in peripheral nerves with immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein, a known marker for non-myelinating Schwann cells [34].

Regulatory relationships of Gfap

• Immunoblot analysis confirmed that the diabetic olfactory bulb and lamina propria expressed less glial fibrillary acidic protein compared to the non-diabetic control group [35].
• This distribution of CNTF-expressing cells corresponded very closely to that of cells expressing high levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA at the wound site [36].
• Double immunohistochemistry for FGFR and glial fibrillary acidic protein demonstrated that mature astrocytes expressed FGFR [37].
• The neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 and the glial markers S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic proteins showed that RX-77368 induced Fos in both myenteric neurons and glia [38].
• Immunofluorescent double labelling with monoclonal antibodies to HO-1 and either glial fibrillary acidic protein or the complement C3bi receptor was used to determine if glia/macrophages expressed HO-1 [39].

Other interactions of Gfap

• The GFAP mRNA levels were also strongly increased following the bFGF injection [40].
• After the treatment, a significant increase in the expression of neuronal cytoskeletal proteins (Nf-160, Nf-200, MAP-2) was observed, but we did not find changes in the expression of GFAP, the main astroglial cytoskeletal protein [41].
• Expression of CNTF and GFAP mRNAs followed a time course similar to that of bFGF [42].
• In addition, the morphological alterations were accompanied by increased in vitro 32P incorporation into GFAP and vimentin recovered into the high-salt Triton-insoluble cytoskeletal fraction [43].
• The fate of endogenous stem cells in the brain was examined by the expression of the stem cell marker nestin, together with Tf, neurofilaments and glial fibrillary acidic protein from 2 to 14 days after injection [44].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gfap

• In addition, levels of the astroglial cell-specific reactive marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap), whose expression dynamics is different from that of cytokines, were measured in astroglial cultures and in astroglial cell-conditioned cell culture medium at SARs of 27 and 54 W/kg (cw) for 4 or 24 h [45].
• The two-color immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods revealed bFGF immunoreactivity also in the nucleus of GFAP-positive enteric glial cells [2].
• Immunocytochemical localization of basic fibroblast growth factor and glial fibrillary acidic protein after laser photocoagulation in the Royal College of Surgeons rat [26].
• GFAP(+) cells were abundant in tissue surrounding the cannula compared to the contralateral hemisphere, whereas lectin(+) cells were restricted to the wound boundary [24].
• In addition, tryptic peptide mapping of GFAP prepared from cultured astrocytes and Schwann cells revealed one major peptide fragment present in CNS GFAP but absent from PNS GFAP [46].

References