Disease relevance of carbonic acid

• Calcium carbonate as a phosphate binder in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis [1].
• Bacteremia with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Implications for therapy and prevention. Franklin County Pneumonia Study Group [2].
• Calcium carbonate solubility in human common duct bile: calcium carbonate precipitation in gallstones [3].
• Calcium carbonate and constipation: a historical review of medical mythopoeia [4].
• Calcium carbonate-induced hypothyroidism [5].

Psychiatry related information on carbonic acid

• Benjamin Franklin: founder of cognitive therapy [6]?
• Although it commonly is assumed that such clinical trials were developed in the 1930s, the first published report that used intentional subject ignorance and sham intervention was the result of a 1784 French royal commission investigation into mesmerism, headed by Benjamin Franklin [7].
• Dementia in world leaders and its effects upon international events: the examples of Franklin D. Roosevelt and T. Woodrow Wilson [8].
• To determine the frequency with which patients having some degree of phobic avoidance will discuss these fears with their physician and factors in their decision to discuss, a mailed survey was conducted in Franklin County, Ohio. Data from 32 respondents to a mental health questionnaire who met criteria for phobic avoidance were analyzed [9].
• As part of an effort to improve services and outcomes for women with histories of trauma and co-occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders, the Franklin County Women and Violence Project sought to assess women's perceptions about their social roles and provide them with opportunities to adopt valued social roles [10].

High impact information on carbonic acid

• Calcium carbonate maintained bone density at the femoral neck (mean change in bone density, 0.08 +/- 0.98 percent) and radius (0.24 +/- 0.70 percent) but not the spine (-2.54 +/- 0.85 percent) [11].
• The external surface of even non-biomineralized cuticle was preserved by entombment in volcanic ash, subsequent incorporation into concretions, and infilling of the fossils with sparry calcite [12].
• As a useful proxy, the oxygen isotope composition (delta18O) of calcite from planktonic foraminifera has been shown to reflect both surface temperature and seawater delta18O, itself an indicator of global ice volume and salinity [13].
• These high-precision measurements were made on natural Iceland spar calcite cleaved along the (1014) plane and reacted with a dilute aqueous lead solution [14].
• Calcium carbonate saturation in human pancreatic juice: possible role of ductal H+ secretion [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of carbonic acid

• Edwardsiella tarda and Escherichia coli formed calcite III crystals, whereas Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia stuartii, and Serratia marcescens produced hydroxyapatite crystals [16].
• Brushite was unexpectedly rare, and no calcite was detected in any portion of human dental calculus [17].
• These agents included calcium salts found in gallstones (calcite, aragonite, apatite, bilirubinate), Escherichia coli bacteria, pigment residues from cholesterol gallstones, bilirubin and several mucin preparations [18].
• Calcium carbonate exacerbates glomerular capillary hypertension and injury in rats with desoxycorticosterone-salt hypertension [19].
• When N function is deficient in a phage that joins the trp operon to a point distal to the N gene, deleting the tL site, nonsense mutations (Franklin, 1974) or chloramphenicol (Nakamura et al., accompanying paper) again block transcription of the bacterial operon [20].

Biological context of carbonic acid

• Calcium carbonate and L.U.D. pregnancies [21].
• The semiconservative mode of DNA replication was originally documented through the classic density labeling experiments of Matthew Meselson and Franklin W [22].
• The model describes the formation of travertine deposits at geothermal hot springs and rimstone dams of calcite in caves [23].
• Calcium carbonate treatment did not significantly affect blood pressure or serum levels of triglycerides, lipoprotein Apo B, or calcium [24].
• In this study we have characterized the mode of cell adhesion to calcite and calcium (R,R)-tartrate tetrahydrate crystals [25].

Anatomical context of carbonic acid

• In mammals, otoconia are composed of proteins (otoconins) and calcium carbonate crystals in a calcite lattice [26].
• Human lithostathine, a protein synthesized by the pancreas, inhibits the growth of calcite crystals by inducing a habit modification: the rhombohedral (10 14) usual habit is transformed into a needle-like habit through the (11 0) crystal form [27].
• Calcite crystals therefore may occur, obstruct pancreatic ducts, and finally cause a lithiasis [27].
• We have demonstrated previously the presence of a Na+/K+/Cl- cotransport pathway in HT29 cells (Kim, H.D., Tsai, Y-S., Franklin, C.C., and Turner, J.T. (1989) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 946, 397-404) [28].
• We show that calcite binds A6 Xenopus laevis epithelial cells rapidly and efficiently, most likely via surface-adsorbed proteins [25].

Associations of carbonic acid with other chemical compounds

• Conversely, seawater had low Mg2+/Ca2+ ratios (<2.3) and relatively low Na+ concentrations during the Cambrian (540 to 520 Ma), Silurian (440 to 418 Ma), and Cretaceous (124 to 94 Ma), when calcite was the dominant nonskeletal carbonate and K-, Mg-, and Ca-bearing chloride salts, were the only potash evaporites [29].
• It is believed that the polymorphism observed in calcium carbonate crystals, such as aragonite and calcite in mollusk shells, is controlled by organic matrix proteins secreted from the mantle epithelia [30].
• In pancreatic juice, calcite precipitation is prevented by lithostathine, a glycoprotein that inhibits calcite crystal growth [31].
• Crystallization of calcite from different concentrated calcium chloride solutions by the CO(2) vapor diffusion technique in the presence of polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) yields defined assemblies of nanoparticles with unusual morphology [32].
• Whereas the morphology of the calcite aggregates could be fine-tuned by using copolymers with different sulfonate content, the spatial distribution of the ionic functional groups alters the course of crystallization [33].

Gene context of carbonic acid

• Ovocleidin-116 thus is a candidate molecule for the regulation of calcite growth during eggshell calcification [34].
• Oltipraz is an effective inducer of mEH in rats (Lamb Franklin, 2000), and thus induction of this pathway in humans could also potentially contribute to the protective effects of this drug toward AFB genotoxicity [35].
• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a mechanical disorder of the vestibular system in which calcite particles called otoconia interfere with the mechanical functioning of the fluid-filled semicircular canals normally used to sense rotation [36].
• Finally, we showed that the previously reported association of newly synthesized apoA-I and apoB (Zheng, H., Kiss, R. S., Franklin, V., Wang, M. D., Haidar, B., and Marcel, Y. L. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 21612-21621) occurs after secretion at the cell surface [37].
• A closer examination of the growth of polycrystalline macroscopic CaCO3 spheres by TEM and time-resolved dynamic light scattering showed that CaCO3 macrocrystals are formed from strings of aggregated amorphous nanoparticles and then recrystallize as dumbbell-shaped or spherical calcite macrocrystal [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of carbonic acid

• Atomic force microscopy was used to resolve the mechanism of calcite inhibition by magnesium through molecular-scale determination of the thermodynamic and kinetic controls of magnesium on calcite formation [39].
• The scanning electron microscopy, the elemental analysis, and the powder x-ray diffractometry of pancreatic calculi in this model revealed that the calculi closely resembled human pancreatic calculi, consisting mainly of a calcite of calcium carbonate [40].
• Calcium carbonate and intrauterine devices [41].
• Freshly isolated stellate cells that were seeded in the upper chamber of Cell Culture Insert (Becton Dickenson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) started to migrate to the lower chamber at 1 day and increased in migration index to 19% at 2 days [42].
• Similar aggregation of calcite crystals was also observed when crystallizations were performed in the presence of whole goose eggshell extract [43].

References