Disease relevance of Ethodin

• In addition, the cloned antiseptic resistance gene(s) manifested acrinol resistance in Escherichia coli [1].
• Antiseptic and antibiotic resistance plasmid in Staphylococcus aureus that possesses ability to confer chlorhexidine and acrinol resistance [1].
• Serum antibodies to Brucella abortus were detected by TRACK and compared with those obtained from two primary binding assays (a fluorometric immunoassay [FIAX] and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and three standard serological tests (complement fixation, Rivanol precipitation, and CARD tests) [2].
• Mutagenic activity of acrinol in Salmonella typhimurium [3].
• Sera from wild swine from 20 populations in 11 southeastern states and Hawaii were tested for brucellosis by the card, tube, plate, buffered plate antigen, complement-fixation, and rivanol tests [4].

High impact information on Ethodin

• After several months, Rivanol-treated sera from the rabbits contained high-titer antibodies, as determined by their abilities to bind 25-hydroxy-[3H]cholecalciferol [5].
• In this simple and low-cost radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure for thyroxin (T4), ethacridine (6,9-diamino-2-ethoxyacridine lactate; Rivanol) is used to separate antibody-bound ligand and free ligand [6].
• Important changes include the elimination of calcium and magnesium ions from salt solutions used in the assay, the use of deoxyribonuclease to prevent lymphocyte clumping, and pretreatment of plasma samples (heating at 63 C for 10 min followed by acrinol precipitation) to prevent nonspecific inhibition of rosette formation [7].
• These results provide some evidence related to the mechanism of myometrial contractile action of ethodin and support the hypothesis that mast cells may be involved in the regulation of myometrium contractility [8].
• Ethodin at a concentration of 10 microM and Compound 48/80 (1 microg/ml) evoked contractions of uterine horns in an isolated organ bath preparation [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ethodin

• Twelve patients with missed abortion or fetal death were induced by the extra-amniotic instillation of Rivanol (6.9-diamino-2-oxyethylacridin lactate) [9].
• Findings from our modeling indicated that 3 (modified agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), latex agglutination) of 5 serologic tests for toxoplasmosis and 2 (rivanol and particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay) of 6 serologic tests for brucellosis were adequate for diagnosis [10].
• Comparative toxicity of acriflavine & rivanol in mice [11].
• Synergistic bactericidal effects of acrinol and tetracycline against Pseudomonas aeruginosa [12].
• Serum samples from each dog were tested on the day of exposure and on post exposure days 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 for antibodies to B. abortus, using the brucellosis card (BC), standard tube agglutination (STA), 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) and rivanol (RIV) tests [13].

Biological context of Ethodin

• Second trimester pregnancy termination using extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate [14].
• A peptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site of DrrA appeared to inhibit TCS function by a mechanism similar to that of ethodin, except that autophosphorylation was inhibited at high peptide concentrations [15].
• There was little or no correlation between cell-mediated immune responses (as measured by LST) and serum antibody responses (as measured by STT, RIV test, and CF test) in vaccinated but culture-negative cattle and in some nonvaccinated cattle during the incubation period [16].
• Uterine activity and placental histology in abortion at mid-trimester by rivanol and catheter [17].
• The rivanol-purified antiserum after dilution was used as the binding protein [18].

Anatomical context of Ethodin

• However, the cells contracted after a purified fraction of mast cells that had been degranulated by the action of the drug ethodin, which was added to the culture medium [8].
• Prostaglandins and thromboxanes in amniotic fluid during rivanol-induced abortion and labour [19].
• In the matrix of the epiphyseal cartilage, the regular, birefringent network demonstrable by Rivanol reaction became irregular and hardly recognizable [20].
• Purification of IgG monoclonal antibodies from ascitic fluid based on Rivanol precipitation [21].
• These results suggest that the abortive effect of rivanol and catheter on the uterus and placenta is different from that induced by other chemicals [17].

Associations of Ethodin with other chemical compounds

• Cell lengths decreased in response to the application of serotonin (10 microM) and oxytocin (0.1 microM) but were not affected after the addition of ethodin (10 microM) [8].
• In the People's Republic of China one of the most widely used methods of second-trimester abortion is the intraamniotic injection of ethacridine (Rivanol) [22].
• The purification included ammonium sulfate fractionation, treatment with acrinol, and sequential column chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, Toyopearl HW-55F, and Butyl Toyopearl 650M [23].
• Randomized study on the effect of adding oxytocin to ethacridine lactate or misoprostol for second-trimester termination of pregnancy [24].
• CONCLUSIONS: Extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate instillation alone and intracervical PGE2 gel application are effective and safe methods for second trimester abortion [25].

Gene context of Ethodin

• PAI-2, which is precipitated by low Rivanol concentrations, can be selectively redissolved from the pellet by increasing the Rivanol concentration in the presence of a reducing agent, i.e. dithiothreitol [26].
• Feline transferrin was precipitated with Rivanol [27].
• 1. Pig plasma alpha-protease inhibitors (protease inhibitor-1, PI1; protease inhibitor-2, PI2; postalbumin-1A, PO1A; postalbumin-1B, PO1B), all encoded by one gene complex (gene cluster), were isolated by rivanol-ammonium sulphate fractionation and double-one dimensional IPG-PAGE [28].
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with CSP antigen under optimal conditions was from 100- to 700-fold more sensitive than the standard agglutination, card, Rivanol precipitation-plate agglutination, and the complement fixation tests in detecting immunoglobulin G antibody [29].
• We have validated the assay by repeating, in triplicate, the IC50 determination of rivanol, our previously identified telomerase inhibitor [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ethodin

• The FIAX was compared with the standard tube agglutination, Rivanol precipitation, and complement fixation tests, using 285 serum samples from vaccinated, challenged, or control cattle [31].
• Linear regression analysis indicated a significant correlation among all four serological tests; the FIAX test correlated best with the Rivanol test [31].
• CONCLUSION--The use of extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate provides an effective and safe treatment method for second trimester legal abortion [14].
• For the enzyme immunoassay, the antibodies had to be isolated and purified by Rivanol treatment with subsequent (NH4)2SO4 precipitation [32].
• The test was more sensitive than the complement-fixation and tube agglutination tests, was similar to the Rivanol test, and was slightly inferior to the card test [33].

References