Disease relevance of meprobamate

• Treatment of hypotension in meprobamate poisoning [1].
• Meprobamate poisoning and pulmonary edema [2].
• The initial Subjective Objective Medical management and Analytic (SOMA) injury evaluation score was 13.2 +/- 5.9 and included evidence of edema, plexitis, restricted movement, and local inflammatory signs [3].
• The TDC group had fewer Grade 3 or 4 acute and chronic toxicities and lower SOMA scores [4].
• Xerostomia was defined according to the subjective, objective, management, analytic (SOMA) criteria as occurring when posttreatment salivary function was < 25% of the pretreatment function [5].

Psychiatry related information on meprobamate

• Anxiolytics such as meprobamate and the benzodiazepines may enhance intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) behavior [6].
• METHODS: From the database at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division for Forensic Toxicology and Drug Abuse 62 cases containing carisoprodol and meprobamate as only drugs were identified [7].
• These findings were, however, not reflected in the patient self-assessment of function and quality of life, raising question about the possibility of observer bias in recording LENT SOMA scores [8].
• Acute administration of sodium phenobarbitone (35 mg/kg) and of meprobamate (60 mg/kg) produced sedation: both locomotor activity and social interaction were reduced [9].
• Clinical findings in the carisoprodol in corn oil study included lethargy, ataxia, tremors, and prostration in male and female mice [10].

High impact information on meprobamate

• The metabolism of carisoprodol to meprobamate is dependent on CYP2C19 genotype [11].
• Carisoprodol is metabolized to meprobamate by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2C19, encoded by the polymorphic CYP2C19 gene [11].
• Implementation of regulations to control the prescribing of benzodiazepines in New York State in 1989 resulted in a 55% decrease in benzodiazepine prescribing, with a concomitant increase in the rates of prescribing older sedative-hypnotic compounds such as butabarbital (30% increase) and meprobamate (125% increase) [12].
• This result indicates a gene dosage effect where the carisoprodol : meprobamate ratio reflects the number of active CYP2C19 alleles [11].
• Also, polymorphic debrisoquine hydroxylation did not influence the elimination of carisoprodol or meprobamate [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of meprobamate

• BACKGROUND: Carisoprodol is a centrally acting muscle relaxant commonly used for lower back pain [7].
• There is fair evidence that cyclobenzaprine, carisoprodol, orphenadrine, and tizanidine are effective compared to placebo in patients with musculoskeletal conditions (primarily acute back or neck pain) [14].
• Treatment of fibromyalgia (fibrositis syndrome): a parallel double blind trial with carisoprodol, paracetamol and caffeine (Somadril comp) versus placebo [15].
• It was shown that while tranquilizers (diazepam, oxazepam and meprobamate) increased the rate of self-stimulation elicited from the lateral hypothalamus, neuroleptics considerably suppressed such behaviour [16].
• Comparison of changes in the pain threshold following oral administration of carisoprodol, acetylsalicylic acid, and placebo. A trial on volunteers [17].

Biological context of meprobamate

• Heterozygous individuals with the CYP2C19*1/*2 genotype have a reduced capacity for metabolizing carisoprodol, and should probably be regarded as intermediate metabolizers of this drug [11].
• CONCLUSION: The LENT/SOMA system is a further step on the reporting of late radiation effects [18].
• Subjects were calmer after carisoprodol, and heart rate was increased [19].
• RESULTS: This paper outlines parameters within which radiation therapy's role might be defined, and proposes a clinical radiation-biology scoring program to evaluate radiation effects, based on the SOMA concept [20].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Telangiectasia, skin pigmentation, and fibrosis were scored according to both LENT/SOMA and RTOG criteria [21].

Anatomical context of meprobamate

• PURPOSE: To examine the Late Effects Normal Tissue Task Force (LENT)-Subjective, Objective, Management, Analytic (SOMA) scales prospectively in carcinoma of the cervix treated curatively with radiotherapy (RT) using interviews and postal questionnaires and to test the sensitivity of the scales in assessing the radiation effects [22].
• The small intestine/colon SOMA median score was 0.1538 (range 0-1) and the rectal SOMA median score was 0.1428 (range 0-1) [23].
• Subjective, objective, management, and analytic (SOMA) parameters related to radiation spinal cord and brain injury have been developed and presented on ordinal scales [24].
• Late toxicity results of the GORTEC 94-01 randomized trial comparing radiotherapy with concomitant radiochemotherapy for advanced-stage oropharynx carcinoma: comparison of LENT/SOMA, RTOG/EORTC, and NCI-CTC scoring systems [25].
• Transfer of carisoprodol to breast milk [26].

Associations of meprobamate with other chemical compounds

• The risk of NHL rose with increasing number of medical record notations for amphetamines; however, there was no association with number of notations for lidocaine or meprobamate [27].
• METHODS: Information that a drug acted as a relaxant, a stimulant, or as a placebo was crossed with oral administration of a relaxant drug (700 mg carisoprodol), a stimulant drug (400 mg caffeine) or placebo (lactose) in healthy volunteers ( n=94) [19].
• The three drugs produced dose-related increases in punished drinking as did pentobarbital and meprobamate but not PK 9084, which also acts at benzodiazepine binding sites, or buspirone [28].
• There is no published information on the transfer of the centrally acting muscle relaxant carisoprodol and its active metabolite meprobamate into breast milk [26].
• Determination of meprobamate in serum by alkaline hydrolysis, trimethylsilyl derivatization and detection by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [29].

Gene context of meprobamate

• Most studies on carisoprodol metabolism have been carried out on individuals phenotyped for CYP2C19 activity using the probe drug S-mephenytoin [11].
• The effect of a purified somatostatin monoclonal antibody, SOMA 10, and its Fab fragments on gastrin release have been examined in the isolated perfused rat stomach [30].
• Serum meprobamate concentrations exceeding 12 mg/dl were consistent with coma [31].
• Lineage A contained Flexal, Parana, Pichinde, and Tamiami viruses; lineage B contained Amapari, Guanarito (GUA), Junin (JUN), Machupo (MAC), Sabia (SAB), and Tacaribe viruses [32].
• In spiked human sera, protein binding of carisoprodol was in the range of 41-67%, whereas meprobamate was bound to a lesser extent, 14-24% [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of meprobamate

• Resin hemoperfusion for treatment of a massive meprobamate overdose [34].
• From original material comprising 358 blood samples from apprehended drivers, two polarized groups were selected; a high-ratio group of 11 subjects where the carisoprodol : meprobamate ratio was >1 and a low-ratio control group of 23 subjects where the ratio was <0.31 [11].
• Their late radiotherapy reactions were scored (9-14 years post-radiotherapy) using a modified LENT SOMA scale, and a 5-mm buttock skin punch biopsy was obtained [35].
• This drug and its metabolite, meprobamate, should be included in comprehensive drug screening [36].
• Determination of meprobamate as an n-butylboronate ester derivative in serum by gas-liquid chromatography [37].

References