Disease relevance of benazepril

• Effect of benazepril in chronic renal insufficiency [1].
• Benazepril provides protection against the progression of renal insufficiency in patients with various renal diseases [2].
• Treatment with benazepril, valsartan, or dual blockade significantly reduced albuminuria and BP compared with placebo [3].
• At the end of a 3-month placebo run-in period, the patients were stratified on the basis of the presence or absence of arterial hypertension and, within each stratum, randomized to receive one daily tablet of 10 mg benazepril or one tablet of 20 mg nicardipine twice daily for 6 months [4].
• Effect of benazepril on myocardial ischaemia in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris [5].

High impact information on benazepril

• Diastolic pressure decreased by 3.5 to 5.0 mm Hg in the benazepril group and increased by 0.2 to 1.5 mm Hg in the placebo group [2].
• We conducted a study to determine the effect of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor benazepril on the progression of renal insufficiency in patients with various underlying renal diseases [2].
• Angiotensin II (AT1) receptor antagonists CGP 48369 and valsartan, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril HCl, and calcium antagonist nifedipine were used as antihypertensive agents [6].
• METHODS: After a 2-week single-blind placebo run-in period, either benazepril or imidapril was administered for 6 weeks to 509 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension [7].
• The treatment of such patients with benazepril appeared to improve the impairment in fibrinolysis and endothelial dysfunction [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of benazepril

• In a multicenter study, 206 patients with mild to moderate hypertension were randomized to receive benazepril at a dose of 2, 5, 10, or 20 mg, hydrochlorothiazide, 25 mg, or placebo once daily for 4 weeks [9].
• New insights on effect of kidney insufficiency on disposition of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: case of enalapril and benazepril in dogs [10].
• METHODS: This multicenter, double-blind, 12-week study randomized 364 patients with stage 2 hypertension to fixed-dose combination therapy with amlodipine besylate/benazepril HCl (5/20 mg/d titrated to 10/20 mg/d) or amlodipine besylate monotherapy (5 mg/d titrated to 10 mg/d) [11].
• Comparison of efficacy and side effects of combination therapy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (benazepril) with calcium antagonist (either nifedipine or amlodipine) versus high-dose calcium antagonist monotherapy for systemic hypertension [12].
• We investigated the relationship between ACE gene polymorphism and antiproteinuric effect of ACE inhibitors (Benazepril 10 mg/day or Perindopril 4 mg/day) in 83 NIDDM patients with overt proteinuria (urinary protein excretion over 500 mg/day) [13].

Biological context of benazepril

• After acclimation, 10 rats began receiving the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) benazepril at 1.8 mg.kg-1.d-1 via a continuous intravenous infusion that was maintained throughout the study; 8 control rats received vehicle [14].
• The increase in heart rate induced by nifedipine was minimized by the addition of benazepril [15].
• CONCLUSIONS: Benazepril attenuates sympathetic vasoconstriction as does captopril [16].
• RESULTS: Despite comparable changes in blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), combined therapy decreased proteinuria more than benazepril (-56% vs. -45.9%, P=0.02) and valsartan (-41.5%, P=0.002) [17].
• A comparison in young and elderly subjects of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple doses of benazepril [18].

Anatomical context of benazepril

• The ratio of proliferating macrophages to smooth muscle cells (SMCs) was 3:1 in the cholesterol group, 1:1 in the benazepril and 2:1 in the valsartan-treated group [19].
• Converting enzyme inhibition in coronary artery disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with benazepril [20].
• Benazepril HCl produced significant (p less than 0.01) reductions in arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance, with corresponding increases in cardiac output and decreases in pulmonary artery wedge pressure [21].
• Changes in cardiac interstitial fluid (CIF) levels of nitric oxide metabolites (NOX), cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP), angiotensin II (Ang II), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were monitored with/without oral administration of benazepril, amlodipine, combined benazepril-amlodipine, or hydrochlorothiazide [22].
• Moexipril is an ACE inhibitor with a lipophilicity in the same range as quinapril, benazepril or ramipril, and so can readily penetrate lipid membranes and thus target tissue ACE in addition to plasma ACE [23].

Associations of benazepril with other chemical compounds

• In seven angiotensin clamped rats (AC rats), renin-angiotensin II system activity was clamped at normal levels throughout the study by continuous intravenous infusion of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril at 5 mg/kg per day (which decreased MAP by 18+/-2 mm Hg) together with intravenous Ang II at 5 ng/kg per minute [24].
• The reaction of the renin-angiotensin system to acute angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition was investigated in a single-blind, crossover study in nine normal volunteers receiving two out of three regimens in random order: the new converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril (20 mg once or 5 mg four times at 6-hour intervals) or enalapril (20 mg) [25].
• Amlodipine improved, benazepril impaired and the combination of both agents maintained left ventricular pumping ability when pressure was increased abruptly to pretreatment levels in WKY rats [26].
• Filtration fraction and renal vascular resistances (RVR) decreased more with combined (-14.7%,-23.7%) or benazepril (-12.4%, -20.5%) than with valsartan (-2.7%, -12.5%, P < 0.05 vs. both) [17].
• This double-blind study compared the efficacy and safety of high-dose combinations of amlodipine besylate (5 mg and 10 mg) and benazepril hydrochloride (40 mg) to benazepril hydrochloride (40 mg) alone in hypertensive patients not adequately controlled with benazepril hydrochloride (40 mg) monotherapy [27].

Gene context of benazepril

• This study examined whether the therapeutic efficacy of benazepril on essential hypertension is modified by beta2 adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) Arg16Gly (R16G) polymorphism [28].
• Benazepril could exert protective effects on diabetic nephropathy, owing to the upregulation of MMP-2 and downregulation of TIMP-2 expressions, which further inhibits the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the glomerulus [29].
• Associations of baseline blood pressure levels and efficacy of Benazepril treatment with interaction of alpha-adducin and ACE gene polymorphisms in hypertensives [30].
• D919G polymorphism of methionine synthase gene is associated with blood pressure response to benazepril in Chinese hypertensive patients [31].
• This study compared the effect of benazepril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor to valsartan, an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist, on glucose tolerance in the conscious, spontaneously hypertensive rat [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of benazepril

• Data were collected before and after 4 and 8 weeks of oral administration of benazepril (10 mg/day) [33].
• The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over; 11 patients received benazepril 10 mg b.i.d. and nine received 20 mg b.i.d. All patients had a positive treadmill stress test and at least three ischaemic episodes during 24 h of ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring [5].
• The tolerability of benazepril in clinical trials has been very good, with an incidence of adverse effects similar to that observed in placebo recipients [34].
• The results of these studies show that 20 mg of benazepril once daily lowers blood pressure by a clinically important amount, which was statistically superior to placebo in three double-blind studies [35].
• Intraperitoneal infusion of benazepril or valsartan at 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg per day produced equivalent dose-related reductions in systolic blood pressure for 12 weeks [32].

References