Disease relevance of Ctnnd1

• These data raise the possibility that unbalanced expression of CAS isoforms in human carcinomas may influence cadherin function and contribute to malignant or metastatic cell phenotypes [1].
• Down-regulation of E-cadherin expression and defects in catenin function have been implicated in tumor metastasis, but the role of CAS in these processes has not been addressed [1].
• Propylene oxide (CAS: 75-56-9) was studied for potential carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity by inhalation in F344/N rats and (C57BL/6 x C3H)F1 mice [2].
• Urethan (CAS: 51-79-6)-induced pulmonary adenomas that arise from either alveolar type II pneumocytes of bronchiolar Clara cells have distinct histologic growth patterns and can thus be distinguished from each other [3].
• N-Nitroso-N-propylurea [(NPU) CAS: 816-57-9] induces high incidence of thymic lymphoma in F344 rats [4].

Psychiatry related information on Ctnnd1

• Various combinations of carbamazepine (CAS 298-46-4), felbamate (CAS 25451-15-4), and phenytoin (CAS 57-41-0) were evaluated in mice (i.p.) for anticonvulsant activity (maximal electroshock seizure test) and minimal neurotoxicity (rotarod test) [5].

High impact information on Ctnnd1

• In addition, transformation-defective mutants isolated from either the P120 or P160 wild-type strain lack phosphotyrosine-containing peptides [6].
• The reaction is stimulated by Mn2+ and Mg2+ but not Ca2+ and is very rapid even at 0 degrees C. The phosphate is linked to P120 at tyrosine, a linkage not previously reported for a phosphorylation reaction [7].
• The protein has been purified from cell membranes to the point that in specific conditions virtually all of the incorporated 32P is in P120 [7].
• At low B cell density, polyclonal activation by these substances and subsequent Ig secretion were dependent on accessory signals present in supernatants of concanavalin A-treated normal lymphocytes (CAS) or on the MRL/l proliferating T cell-derived B cell differentiation factor (L-BCDF) in both lupus-prone and immunologically normal mice [8].
• Ig synthesis by fresh B cells of BXSB and NZB/W mice cultured in the absence of mitogens but in the presence of CAS or L-BCDF was higher than by similar cells from other strains, suggesting an increased frequency of B cells activated in vivo in these two autoimmune strains of mice [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ctnnd1

• The effects of the chronic administration of methyl-deficient, amino acid-defined diets on liver tumor formation were examined in male weanling C3H/HeN mice previously treated with a single ip injection of 0 or 150 mg diethylnitrosamine/kg body weight [(DENA) CAS: 55-18-5] [9].
• C3H/HeN female mice with low murine mammary tumor virus titer (MTV-) were fed diets containing a targeted concentration of 640 ppb diethylstilbestrol [(DES) CAS: 56-53-1; 4,4'-(1,2-diethyl-1,2-ethenediyl)bis-phenol] [10].
• Reduced hepatic cytochrome P-450 contents correlated with decreased abilities of liver homogenates to metabolically activate benzo [a]pyrene (CAS: 50-32-8) and N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (CAS: 53-96-3), as scored in an Ames Salmonella typhimurium revertant assay [11].
• The protective effect of progesterone on the development of chemically induced carcinomas (squamous cell carcinomas in mice and basal cell carcinomas in rats) by 3-methylcholanthrene [(MCA) CAS: 56-49-5] was studied [12].
• Administration of urethan (CAS: 51-79-6; carbamic acid, ethyl ester) in the drinking water of breeding female mice of the murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV)-positive DD/Tbr strain and the MuMTV-negative DDf strain induced so-called keratinized nodules, which were demonstrable in wholemount preparations of mammary glands [13].

Biological context of Ctnnd1

• The murine p120cas gene (Catns) was assigned to the middle of chromosome 2 [14].
• The gene encoding p120cas, a novel catenin, localizes on human chromosome 11q11 (CTNND) and mouse chromosome 2 (Catns) [14].
• We show here a role for p120 catenin (p120ctn) in regulating spine and synapse formation in the developing mouse brain. p120catenin gene deletion in hippocampal pyramidal neurons in vivo resulted in reduced spine and synapse densities along dendrites [15].
• p120 Catenin is required for growth factor-dependent cell motility and scattering in epithelial cells [16].
• The inhibitory effect of vitamin A alcohol (retinol) on the DNA synthesis and neoplastic cell growth of chemically induced carcinomas (squamous cell carcinomas in Swiss male albino mice and basal cell carcinomas in inbred SD rats) by 3-methylcholanthrene [(MCA) CAS: 56-49-5] was studied [17].

Anatomical context of Ctnnd1

• p120 catenin regulates dendritic spine and synapse development through Rho-family GTPases and cadherins [15].
• Analysis of a variety of differentiated and metastatic human tumor cell lines reveals that CAS isoform expression in these cells is quite heterogeneous [1].
• CAS is thus part of a multimolecular complex that, along with other cadherin-binding proteins (catenins), mediates interactions between E-cadherin and the actin cytoskeleton [1].
• 4,4'- Methylenedianiline (CAS: 101-77-9) in the drinking water increased neoplasms of the thyroid gland and liver in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice [18].
• The tumorigenic cell line termed "MCA Cl 16" was derived from C3H/10T1/2 clone (Cl) 8 cells by chemical transformation in the presence of 3-methylcholanthrene [(MCA) CAS: 56-49-5] [19].

Associations of Ctnnd1 with chemical compounds

• 2-tert-Butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol (BDMP) (CAS: 1879-09-0; 6-tert-butyl-2,4-xylenol); increased tumor number in A/J but not in the BALB/cByJ mouse strain; its prophylactic activity could not be measured since urethan injection following BDMP treatment was lethal [20].
• When DMSO was the solvent for 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (CAS: 57-97-6) serving as initiator in the two-stage model (CD-1 mice), tumor numbers were unaffected [21].
• A single exposure to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine [(DMH) CAS: 540-73-8] produces several forms of aberrant nuclei in the crypts of the murine colon [22].
• The effect of long-term exposure to phenobarbital (CAS: 50-06-6) subsequent to tumor initiation on the development of liver tumors in BALB/c and (C57BL/6 X C3H/Anf)F1 (B6C3F1) mice was determined [23].
• Strain CD-1 female mice exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES) (CAS: 56-53-1; alpha,alpha'-diethyl-4,4'-stilbenediol) were mated to unexposed males [24].

Other interactions of Ctnnd1

• We observed that p120 catenin (p120ctn), an Armadillo protein known to modulate cell motility, is colocalized not only with N-cadherin but also with Cx43alpha1 [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ctnnd1

• Western blotting analysis indicated expression of alpha- and beta-catenins and p120-catenin (or p120 cas) in BMMC, whereas PMC showed less intense expression of alpha- and beta-catenins with high levels of p120 expression [26].
• Transplantation success rates of primary 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene [(DMBA) CAS: 57-97-6]-induced rat mammary carcinomas and normal rat mammary glandular epithelium into female athymic mice were compared [27].
• The effects of ovariectomy at 1 month of age and continuous 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and/or progesterone (P) replacement on the uterus of BALB/cCrgl mice neonatally treated with diethylstilbestrol [(DES) CAS: 56-53-1; alpha-alpha'-diethyl-4,4'-stilbenediol] or sesame oil were recorded after 1, 4, 7, and 10 months of treatment [28].
• The different responses of the variant cell lines will allow further genetic dissection and comparison of the mIgM expression pathways used in response to LPS and CAS [29].
• Of many strains tested, only C57L/J reproducibly rejected syngenic A-MuLV-induced tumor cells; after multiple immunizations their sera would immunoprecipitate both P120 and Moloney-MuLV (M-MuLV) proteins [30].

References