Disease relevance of FUT4

• The present results suggest that these elements play a critical role in the colon adenocarcinoma and leukemia cell-specific transcriptional regulation of the FUT4 gene [1].
• These results suggest that Fuc-TIV and Fuc-TVII expression may be of prognostic value among patients with lung cancer by participating in the biosynthesis of sialyl Lewis x [2].
• Markers associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma cells, CD15 and CD30, were also positive [3].
• Localization of anti-Leu-M1 (CD15) binding sites in Hodgkin's disease by immunoelectron microscopic examination [4].
• We postulate that the absence of CD15 on human glioma cells may explain, to some extent, the general failure of intrinsic brain tumours to metastasis by precluding the adhesion of circulating neoplastic glia to 'target' organ endothelium [5].

Psychiatry related information on FUT4

• The results, however, provide evidence for an increase in CD15 expression and in process network density of astrocytes in the lateral part of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in cases of Huntington's disease [6].

High impact information on FUT4

• Data presented to date suggest that one ligand of CD62 includes CD15 (Lewis x determinant) and sialic acid [7].
• The CD15 antigen, lacto-N-fucopentaose III (Gal beta 1----4[Fuc alpha 1----3]NAcGlc beta 1----3Gal-beta 1----4Glc), inhibited the interaction of neutrophils or HL60 cells with platelets, whereas lacto-N-fucopentaose I did not; lacto-N-fucopentaose II demonstrated minimal inhibition [8].
• PADGEM-dependent adhesion of platelets to monocytes and neutrophils is mediated by a lineage-specific carbohydrate, LNF III (CD15) [8].
• Here we report the cloning of a cDNA, ELFT (ELAM-1 ligand fucosyltransferase), that can confer ELAM-1 binding activity when transfected into nonbinding cell lines [9].
• Furthermore, ELFT is expressed specifically in cell types that bind to ELAM-1, suggesting that this enzyme is an important regulator of inflammatory events in vivo [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of FUT4

• Two commonly used methods of BM purging for patients with acute myeloid leukemia have been the drug 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) and (MoAbs) directed to myeloid antigens such as CD14, CD15, and CD33 [10].
• PURPOSE: To compare a technetium 99m-labeled murine immunoglobulin M monoclonal antigranulocyte antibody that binds to human polymorphonuclear leukocyte CD15 antigens with indium 111 ((111)In)-labeled leukocytes in the diagnosis of appendicular skeletal osteomyelitis [11].
• An immunohistochemical study of renal tubule cell differentiation in hydrops fetalis was performed using antibodies against lysozyme, CD15, keratin, epithelial membrane antigen and Leu-7, and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of tissue that was obtained at autopsy [12].
• The expression of the CD15 epitope was investigated by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and immuno-thin-layer chromatography on a large series of human nervous system tumours and ethylnitrosourea-induced rat gliomas [13].

Biological context of FUT4

• Like FUT4, this embryonic FUT9 is N-ethylmaleimide and heat resistant and the corresponding gene was confirmed to be localized in the chromosome band 6q16 [14].
• FUT4 and FUT9 genes are expressed early in human embryogenesis [14].
• Using mRNA from 40- to 65-day-old embryos, we have prepared different hexamer and oligo-dT cDNA libraries and cloned, by rapid amplification cDNA ends-PCR, FUT4 and FUT9 alpha3-fucosyltransferase transcripts [14].
• The acceptor specificity and the kinetics of the alpha3-fucosyltransferase encoded by this FUT9 transcript are similar to the FUT4 enzyme, except for the utilization of the lac-di-NAc acceptor which is not efficiently transformed by the FUT9 enzyme [14].
• Expression of cell surface Lewis X and Y antigens and FUT4 mRNA is increased in Jurkat cells undergoing apoptosis [15].

Anatomical context of FUT4

• The enzyme in COS cell extracts acting on unsialylated Type 2 structures is closely similar in its properties to the alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase encoded by human FUT4 gene and does not resemble the product of the FUT5 gene [16].
• Transcript analyses show that FUT7 and FUT4 are inversely expressed in HL60 and variant cell lines [17].
• A myeloid enzyme is present in 5 to 10 week old human embryos and is later progressively replaced by different patterns of adult fucosyltransferase enzymes in all tissues, except in leukocytes and brain which continue to express a FUT4 like enzyme in the adult.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[18]
• The products of the monomorphic genes FUT4 and FUT7 seem implicated in cell-cell interactions during embryo-foetal development and in the leukocyte adhesion phenomena to endothelial cells in the adult [19].
• These findings suggest that the expression of CD15 in mature granulocytes is directed by FUT9, whereas it is determined in promyelocytes and monocytes by FUT4 [20].

Associations of FUT4 with chemical compounds

• Monoclonal antibodies that recognize lacto-N-fucopentaose III (CD15) react with the adhesion-promoting glycoprotein family (LFA-1/HMac-1/gp 150,95) and CR1 on human neutrophils [21].
• Downregulation of the selectin ligand-producing fucosyltransferases Fuc-TIV and Fuc-TVII during foam cell formation in monocyte-derived macrophages [22].
• The frequency of sialyl Lewis x expression (75%) was comparable to Fuc-TIV and Fuc-TVII expression [2].
• CD15 monoclonal antibodies react with a phosphotyrosine-containing protein on the surface of human neutrophils [23].
• The ultrastructural and biochemical studies demonstrated the marked accumulation of the major glycosphingolipd substrate, trihexosyl ceramide, in the lyosomes of all the cardiac tissues examined; the greatest concentrations were found in the mitral valve and elft ventricular myocardium [24].

Regulatory relationships of FUT4

• CD 30 was expressed in 86% and CD 15 in 76% cases [25].

Other interactions of FUT4

• The enzymes resembling the human FUT4 and FUT8 gene products both had pH optima of 7.0 and were resistant to 10 mM NEM [16].
• FUT4 and FUT3/5/6 were found on the same chicken chromosome [26].
• At 4 h after CPB, downregulation was observed for CD14 (P = 0.004), CD45 (P = 0.014), and CD15 (P = 0.0056) [27].
• Commitment to monocyte differentiation, suggested by the presence of an LFA-1hi CD11c+ subset within the CD33loCD15- subpopulation, was clearly signaled by upregulation of CD33; these monocyte-lineage committed cells were exclusively CD33hi, CD44hi, CD11ahi, CD11c+, and exhibited a broad range of intensity of CD15 expression [28].
• The leukocyte carbohydrate (CHO) Ag CD15, sialyl-CD15, and CDw65 have recently been found to function as ligands for CD62 and ELAM-1 cell adhesion molecules on platelets and endothelium, respectively [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of FUT4

• To determine the major FUT4 transcript in colon adenocarcinoma and myeloid cell lines, we analyzed the transcriptional starting sites of the FUT4 gene in myeloid and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, using 5'-RACE, RT-PCR, and luciferase analysis [1].
• From RT-PCR studies, enzyme specificity of cellular extracts towards a panel of synthetic carbohydrate acceptors and Western blot analysis we concluded that Lea, sLea and Leb were synthesised by FUT3, whereas Lex and Ley were synthesized by FUT4 and FUT9 in both cell lines [30].
• We localized the gene (FUT4) encoding myeloid alpha-3-fucosyltransferase by PCR assay using panels of somatic cell and radiation hybrids which retain different rearrangements of chromosome 11 [31].
• Immunoprecipitation and subsequent gel electrophoresis of proteins from neutrophils labeled with [gamma-32P]ATP revealed a 170 to 190-kDa phosphoprotein specifically reactive with CD15 antibodies [23].
• The expression of the carbohydrate antigen 3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine (CD15, LeX) on human neutrophil glycoproteins has been studied by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting by using monoclonal antibody MC2 [32].

References