Disease relevance of San Francisco

• Genetic restriction of HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS by a deletion allele of the CKR5 structural gene. Hemophilia Growth and Development Study, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study, San Francisco City Cohort, ALIVE Study [1].
• CONCLUSIONS--There is a substantial prevalence of HIV infection among heterosexual clients in San Francisco (Calif) alcohol treatment programs, much of which is not associated with injection drug use [2].
• DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS--Subjects included 1130 women (612 blacks and 518 whites) aged 20 to 79 years residing in metropolitan Atlanta, Ga, New Orleans, La, or San Francisco/Oakland, Calif, who were diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer [3].
• To evaluate trends in the length of survival for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, we calculated survival following diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for 4323 cases reported in San Francisco, Calif, between July 1981 and December 31, 1987 [4].
• OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of KSHV infection in homosexual men in San Francisco, Calif, at the beginning of the HIV epidemic in 1978 and 1979 and to examine changes in prevalence of KSHV at time points from 1978 through 1996 in light of changes in sexual behavior [5].

Psychiatry related information on San Francisco

• METHODS: The study group comprised 231 women with RA who are members of the University of California, San Francisco RA Panel Study. Parenting disability scales were developed by first asking open-ended questions and then, based on the responses, constructing closed-ended questions [6].
• Three hundred and forty-six sera collected over a 2-year period from 154 San Francisco IV drug users were subjected to HTLV-I/II RIPA, Western blot (WB), Du Pont ELISA, and p24 radioimmunoassay (RIA) [7].
• Gender differences in sexual and injection risk behavior among active young injection drug users in San Francisco (the UFO Study) [8].

High impact information on San Francisco

• To assess the effect of cyclosporine on the use of hospital services, we studied 702 patients who received kidney transplants at the University of California, San Francisco, between July 1982 and June 1986 [9].
• Of a group of 100 homosexual men from San Francisco whose serum was obtained in 1978, only one had antibody to LAV p25; in contrast, of a group of 50 homosexual men in the same community whose serum was obtained in 1984, 12 had antibodies to LAV p25 [10].
• Blood samples were cultured from pet and impounded cats (N = 61) in the Greater San Francisco Bay Region, and R henselae was isolated from 41% (25/61) of these cats [11].
• We investigated the thyroid and pituitary functions of six of the seven patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who had been previously treated with external radiation, and who were seen at the San Francisco Veterans Administration Hospital within a recent 18 month period [12].
• Cervical fluids obtained from 78 premenopausal women seen between July 1983 and March 1984 at the University of California, San Francisco Dysplasia (and diethylstilbestrol) Clinic or in a private practice were tested for mutagenicity by means of the Ames-Salmonella microsomal test [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of San Francisco

• A rapid increase in the use of prophylactic TMP-SMX in HIV disease was also observed during this time in San Francisco and is likely responsible for the increase in TMP-SMX resistance [14].
• All patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated for their first episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at San Francisco General Hospital between 1 April 1985 and 15 July 1985 were evaluated for their response to treatment with dapsone (100 mg/day) by mouth for 21 days [15].
• The relationship between serum DHEA and DHEA-S levels and subsequent progression to AIDS was investigated in a sample of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men from the San Francisco Men's Health Study followed prospectively since 1984 [16].
• Lifson of the University of California San Francisco School of Medicine and his colleagues from the San Francisco Department of Public Health and the California Department of Health Services to summarize the current status of our attempts to alter the course of HIV infection [17].
• Cancer data included all black women (n = 405) and white women (n = 4,259) diagnosed with primary breast cancer during 1979-1981 in the San Francisco Bay Area Resource for Cancer Control registry [18].

Biological context of San Francisco

• Both in vitro and in vivo assays were used to determine the effects of the selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, and/or an anti-HER-2/neu monoclonal antibody (either Herceptin [Genetech Inc., S. San Francisco, CA] or 2C4) on cell growth [19].
• We assessed organic matter bioavailability among a diversity of habitats and hydrologic inputs over 2 years in San Francisco Estuary's Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Results show that bioavailable dissolved organic carbon from external riverine sources supports a large component of ecosystem metabolism [20].
• Protein n' of Escherichia coli functions in assembly and translocation of the primosome, a mobile multiprotein complex involved in priming DNA replication (Kornberg, A. (1982) Supplement to DNA Replication, Freeman Publications, San Francisco) [21].
• The distribution of these CCR2-CCR5 haplotypes was examined among 703 participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), the District of Columbia Gay (DCG) Study, and the San Francisco Men's Health Study (SFMHS) [22].
• Overall, 76 (68.5%) of 111 patients had a mutant DHPS genotype, including 22 (81.5%) of 27 patients from San Francisco. In multivariate analysis, sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis and study site were independent predictors of a mutant genotype [23].

Anatomical context of San Francisco

• Four cases of Burkitt's-like lymphoma (undifferentiated, monoclonal, B-cell tumours) in homosexual men were seen in a 9-month period in San Francisco. One tumour contained both Epstein-Barr-virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen [24].
• SETTING: An academic referral setting, drawing from the Bay Area of San Francisco, Calif. RESULTS: Compared with controls, for the visuospatial working memory task, subjects with BD had greater activation in several areas including the bilateral ACC, left putamen, left thalamus, left DLPFC, and right inferior frontal gyrus [25].
• STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Review of the medical records identified all patients with SCID who underwent ABO-mismatched bone marrow transplantation at the University of California, San Francisco, between 1982 and 1994 [26].
• SETTING: A university and a county hospital in San Francisco. PATIENTS: Thirty-eight patients with HIV infection and NHL involving the lungs or pleura [27].
• To examine the clinical spectrum of patients with aneurysms of the ascending aorta, we searched the University of California, San Francisco (USCF) Echocardiography Data Base for all patients with aneurysms of the ascending aorta (> or = 5.0 cm in diameter) seen over a 7-year period [28].

Associations of San Francisco with chemical compounds

• The variant G6PD, which appears to be unique, has been designated G6PD San Francisco. An unusual feature of the variant enzyme, susceptibility to inactivation by brief periods of dialysis, could be prevented by addition of 200 microM NADP to the dialysis solution [29].
• We specifically studied the combination of cetuximab (Erbitux, C225; ImClone Systems, New York, NY) with either gefitinib (Iressa, ZD1839; AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK) or erlotinib (Tarceva, OSI-774; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) across a variety of human cancer cells [30].
• In San Francisco in 1987, only 17 out of 110 (15%) HIV-seropositive men without AIDS reported taking zidovudine [31].
• SETTING: All methadone maintenance and 21-day methadone detoxification programs in San Francisco. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2351 heterosexual IVDU, of whom 681 were seronegative at first visit and seen at least twice ('repeaters') [32].
• Two forms of growth hormone were used in these studies, Protropin (Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, CA), a commercially available product that possesses a N-terminal methionine residue not found in the second form Nutropin (Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, CA), which, as yet, is not commercially available [33].

Gene context of San Francisco

• Recently, HER2-targeting molecular therapy using trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, Calif) was revealed to be effective in advanced breast cancers overexpressing HER2 protein [34].
• These angiogenesis inhibitors, include bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA), which binds free VEGF [35].
• Erlotinib HCl (Tarceva; Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA) is an orally available, highly selective, reversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR) tyrosine kinase [36].
• We determined the hospital incidence (HI) and period prevalence (PP) of RA in African Colombians in Quibdo, Colombia, by using data collected at the Hospital San Francisco de Asis, a primary-to-tertiary care center [37].
• Among 1194 FAP patients studied in two high risk registries in North America (Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Registry, Toronto and University California, San Francisco), 16 (1.3%) unrelated patients with FAP associated thyroid cancers were identified [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of San Francisco

• PURPOSE: The study was designed to compare the effects of treatment with a combination of trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA) and chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with HER-2/neu overexpressing, metastatic breast cancer [39].
• Serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 962 unmarried men recruited by probability sampling from areas in San Francisco, Calif, most severely affected by the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [40].
• METHODS: We reviewed the medical charts of 394 adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus who received intensive care at San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif, from 1992 to 1995, and we performed a multivariate analysis to learn which factors were predictive of poor outcomes [41].
• A serial cross-sectional study of resistance to TMP-SMX among all clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 7 genera of Enterobacteriaceae was performed at San Francisco General Hospital. Resistance among all isolates was <5.5% from 1979 to 1986 but then markedly increased, reaching 20.4% in 1995 [14].
• Trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA), a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of the HER2/neu receptor, has undergone phase I, II, and III clinical trials [42].

References