Disease relevance of Umbilical Arteries

• The method involves injecting Renografin 75% (1.25 cc/kg body weight) into the umbilical artery catheter according to the following sequence [1].
• Hoxa-13(-/-) mutant fetuses show agenesis of the caudal portion of the Müllerian ducts, lack of development of the presumptive urinary bladder and premature stenosis of the umbilical arteries, which could account for the lethality of this mutation at mid-gestational stages [2].
• We evaluated the antioxidative effect of melatonin on the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-induced impairment of nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical artery, which may be the prime cause of endothelial dysfunction in pre-eclampsia [3].
• Of the cases of complicated pregnancies studied, the extracellular matrix of umbilical arteries was altered only in maternal hypertension [4].
• The contractile properties of the umbilical artery to oxygen, U46619 (a stable thromboxane A2 mimetic) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were studied in normal term (> or = 37 weeks) and preterm (< 34 weeks) pregnancies, and in a group of pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Umbilical Arteries

• Osteocalcin was evaluated by radioimmunoassay at the time of delivery in mothers and in the umbilical arteries of newborns in a group of pregnant drug users (eight heroin users and seven cocaine users) and compared with findings from a group of normal mothers and their newborns (N = 18) [6].
• Segments of human umbilical artery were suspended in organ baths to record the circular motor activity induced by endothelin-1 at a pO2 of 12 kPascal (kPa) or 45 kPa [7].

High impact information on Umbilical Arteries

• IL-1-induced cGMP was also NO independent in human umbilical artery VSMC, and NO dependent in rat vena cava VSMC [8].
• Human umbilical arteries converted arachidonic acid to three hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) as well as prostaglandins [9].
• (c) Prostaglandin E1, but not isoproterenol, caused accumulation of cAMP which is consistent with reports that umbilical arteries lack functional beta-receptors and that only prostaglandin E1 can bring about relaxation of umbilical arteries [10].
• Guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate content of human umbilical artery [10].
• (e) Pyrilamine (an H1 antagonist), but not metiamide (an H2 antagonist), blocked the effect of histamine on cGMP from which it is inferred that histamine causes accumulation of cGMP in umbilical artery via its interaction with H1 receptors [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Umbilical Arteries

• Prostaglandin E1, administered 70 minutes after indomethacin at a dose of 0.41 +/- 0.09 (SEM) micrograms/min per kilogram of fetal weight, decreased umbilical-placental blood flow, increased the vascular resistance of the umbilical arteries and placenta, and reversed the elevation of the vascular resistances of the ductus venosus and liver [11].
• Fetal hypertension induced by norepinephrine infusion and umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms in fetal sheep [12].
• We studied the effects of hydralazine, nicardipine, nitroglycerin, and fenoldopam (a dopamine D1-agonist) on isolated human umbilical arteries (HUA) from patients classified as normotensive and with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) [13].
• Low Apgar scores, umbilical artery acidosis, and admission to neonatal care units were increased in the meperidine group [14].
• Moreover, the umbilical artery Resistance Index was significantly correlated with the 6-keto PGF1 alpha/thromboxane B2 ratio suggesting an association between abnormal umbilical artery blood flow and altered prostacyclin/thromboxane balance in the fetoplacental compartment in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) [15].

Biological context of Umbilical Arteries

• In 19 (68% [95% CI 49-86]) pregnancies, umbilical-artery diastolic flow returned within 24 h after betamethasone administration, consistent with decreased resistance [16].
• In the present study, we demonstrated that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB induced expression of proto-oncogene c-fms in vascular smooth muscle cells, which normally do not express c-fms, isolated from either human umbilical artery or rabbit aorta [17].
• Here we show that Meis1 is expressed in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment in the fetal liver, and in the primary sites of definitive hematopoiesis, including the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) mesenchyme, the hemogenic embryonic arterial endothelium, and hematopoietic clusters within the aorta, vitelline, and umbilical arteries [18].
• These findings suggest that Hcy potentiates 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction in the human umbilical artery, possibly by suppressing bioavailable NO [19].
• Angiotensin II (ANG II) contracts umbilical arteries and has been hypothesized to regulate fetal blood pressure primarily by altering umbilical vascular resistance [20].

Anatomical context of Umbilical Arteries

• Reduced prostacyclin production by cultured endothelial cells from umbilical arteries of babies born to women who smoke [21].
• The regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by the fibronectin matrix was tested by treating human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) with a recombinant fragment of fibronectin (protein III1-C) that has previously been shown to modulate fibronectin matrix assembly [22].
• Contractile effect of the chemotactic factors f-Met-Leu-Phe and C5a on the human isolated umbilical artery. Role of cyclooxygenase products and tissue macrophages [23].
• Endothelial cells expressing Cbfa2 are in the yolk sac, the vitelline and umbilical arteries, and in the ventral aspect of the dorsal aorta in the aorta/genital ridge/mesonephros (AGM) region [24].
• When glucose was injected intraperitoneally into fetuses of different ages, there was an increase of 3.7 microM/ml in glucose concentration in blood from the umbilical artery and 2.5 microM/ml in blood from the umbilical vein [25].

Associations of Umbilical Arteries with chemical compounds

• Diminished prostacyclin formation in umbilical arteries of babies born to women who smoke [26].
• It appears that there are in the umbilical artery (and probably in other tissues also) at least two separate mechanisms for control of cGMP synthesis that are influenced differently by Ca++- and O2-linked processes [27].
• Certain agonist analogues and a selective antagonist of the chemotactic action of f-Met-Leu-Phe behaved correspondingly as agonists and antagonist of the contractile effect on umbilical artery [23].
• The defective deposition of platelets from eight patients onto human umbilical artery subendothelium was increased but not normalized by cryoprecipitate and was not significantly affected by DDAVP or saline [28].
• Analysis of plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in umbilical artery and vein from infants of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers revealed high plasma NE values in those of diabetic mothers [29].

Gene context of Umbilical Arteries

• Electron microscopy of umbilical artery, breast, and kidney capillary vessels reveals that in all three sites, CD34 molecules are concentrated on membrane processes, many of which interdigitate between adjacent endothelial cells [30].
• Characterization of endothelin receptors in the human umbilical artery and vein [31].
• VEGF was detected in serum from mothers post-partum (137 +/- 142 ng/l, mean +/- SD), umbilical artery (421 +/- 288 ng/l) and vein (502 +/- 339 ng/l) and non-pregnant controls (182 +/- 147 ng/l), and added VEGF was fully recovered [32].
• Moreover, using cultured adult saphenous vein and umbilical artery endothelial cells, we show identical effects of IL-4 on TNF-alpha-induced responses to those observed with endothelial cells of foetal origin [33].
• Endothelin-1 caused potent contractions of umbilical arteries and veins with threshold effects at 10 pmol l-1 while endothelin-3 had no contractile effect up to 10(-7) mol l-1 [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Umbilical Arteries

• After a single dose of 200 rad, umbilical artery PGI2 levels were much decreased when estimated both be bioassay and by evaluation of the stable end-product of PGI2, 6-keto-prostaglandin in Fl alpha [35].
• Cortisol levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in samples simultaneously obtained from the four vessels serving the ovine placenta (uterine artery and vein, umbilical artery and vein) [36].
• Serum melatonin concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in a maternal vein and in the umbilical artery and umbilical vein at the time of birth [37].
• Surface morphology of polyvinyl chloride and silicone elastomer umbilical artery catheters by scanning electron microscopy [38].
• Intra-arterial infusions and intestinal necrosis in the rabbit: potential hazards of umbilical artery injections of ampicillin, glucose, and sodium bicarbonate [39].

References