Disease relevance of Cryotherapy

• Treatment of external genital warts comparing cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen) and trichloroacetic acid [1].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of vitamin E prophylaxis and treatment on the sequelae of severe (threshold) retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants treated with cryotherapy at Pennsylvania Hospital from 1985 to 1991 [2].
• Phase I trial of edatrexate plus carboplatin in advanced solid tumors: amelioration of dose-limiting mucositis by ice chip cryotherapy [3].
• All admissions were reviewed to determine birth weight, gestational age, survival, incidence of BPD and cryotherapy, use and duration of dexamethasone therapy, length of mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, and additional supplemental oxygen [4].
• Keywords were Hepatocellular carcinoma, liver metastases, percutaneous ethanol injection, cryotherapy, microwave coagulation therapy, radiofrequency ablation, interstitial laser photocoagulation, focused high-intensity ultrasound, hot saline injection, electrolysis and acetic acid injection [5].

High impact information on Cryotherapy

• Cryotherapy failure was defined as an increasing postcryotherapy prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of > or = 2 ng/mL above the postcryotherapy nadir, a positive prostate biopsy, or radiographic evidence of metastatic disease [6].
• All patients received oral cryotherapy for 30 minutes with each dose of 5FU [7].
• We now routinely recommend this cryotherapy procedure for our patients receiving daily bolus 5FU plus leucovorin [8].
• Established ablative therapies for the treatment of primary and secondary liver tumours, including percutaneous ethanol injection, cryotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation, are discussed [9].
• Recently, nephron-sparing surgery has emerged as a viable alternative; and experimental minimally invasive percutaneous tissue ablation techniques, including cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation, are being evaluated [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cryotherapy

• The use of EMLA cream and 1% lidocaine infiltration in men for relief of pain associated with the removal of genital warts by cryotherapy [11].
• Prevention of high dose L-PAM-induced mucositis by cryotherapy [12].
• CONCLUSION: The application of lidocaine/prilocaine cream as an adjunct to lidocaine infiltration reduced the pain of infiltration and the pain associated with cryotherapy for the removal of genital warts [11].
• Photodynamic therapy using topical methyl 5-aminolevulinate compared with cryotherapy for actinic keratosis: A prospective, randomized study [13].
• CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that most retinoblastomas are curable by combining chemotherapy with cyclosporine therapy, laser therapy, and cryotherapy, without requiring external beam radiotherapy [14].

Biological context of Cryotherapy

• Variables examined included sex, stage of primary lesion, size of liver lesion(s), number of lesions, disease-free interval, ploidy, differentiation, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level, and operative factors such as resection margin, use of cryotherapy, intraoperative ultrasound, and blood loss [15].
• Metastasis cryotherapy stimulated an immediate rise, followed by a fall, in serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, associated with immune upregulation that was significantly greater after dual-probe treatments [16].
• Pulmonary function studies 2 years following cryotherapy demonstrated a forced vital capacity (FVC) of 81% predicted, and a forced expiratory volume-one second (FEV-1) of 73% predicted [17].
• SETTING: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinic at Standford University Medical Center, Standford, Calif. PATIENTS: Twenty patients with perioral rhytids were randomized in the study, 11 in the laser group and 9 in the cryotherapy and laser group [18].
• As an alternative to silk-touch CO2-laser, contact cryotherapy or systemic immune enhancer we administered topical immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone (DCP) [19].

Anatomical context of Cryotherapy

• METHODS: A 10-year-old child with extensive recurrent viral papillomata involving the superior and inferior tarsal, forniceal, and bulbar conjunctiva underwent surgical excision of all diseased areas and double freeze-thaw cryotherapy [20].
• In vivo studies have demonstrated the potential for cryotherapy to combat the process of restenosis, but the mechanisms whereby freezing and/or cooling can reduce or eliminate smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and ECM synthesis are not well known [21].
• The effect of subtenon injection of methylprednisolone acetate on the breakdown of blood retinal barrier after cryotherapy [22].
• Endodiathermy especially could provide the typical ophthalmoscopic findings of nerve fiber bundle defects without any abnormal fluorescein angiographic findings, while endophotocoagulation and intraocular cryotherapy induced hyperfluorescence due to window defect at the coagulation site [23].
• Although therapy with oral fluconazol and topical amphotericin B was begun, the scleritis continued to worsen, so cryotherapy and dura mater grafting were performed [24].

Associations of Cryotherapy with chemical compounds

• RESULTS: MR imaging-guided percutaneous cryotherapy resulted in no serious complications and no clinically important changes in serum liver enzymes or creatinine or myoglobin levels [25].
• RESULTS: Complete clearance of warts in patients who received up to six treatments of cryotherapy were observed in 86% of cases and in 70% of patients who received up to six treatments of trichloracetic acid [1].
• METHODS: A technique was developed that combined lidocaine/prilocaine topical anesthesia with hyperfocal cryotherapy [26].
• Eleven required cryotherapy: 5 of 25 with no dexamethasone, 5 of 9 treated for 24 days or less, and 1 of 14 treated for longer than 24 days (P < .04) [4].
• All were treated with pharmacologic serum levels of vitamin E; 17 infants were also treated with cryotherapy (10 in one eye and 7 in both eyes) [2].

Gene context of Cryotherapy

• One hundred fifty-two patients were enrolled in a study to evaluate 3 interferon (IFN) preparations used in combination with cryotherapy for treatment of anogenital warts [27].
• Chemotherapy combined with laser therapy and cryotherapy has improved the ocular salvage rate for children with bilateral retinoblastoma [28].
• CONCLUSION: Hepatic cryotherapy is effective and safe, as demonstrated by the significant reduction in postoperative CEA concentration and the low risk of complications [29].
• In this study we aimed to assess the plasma concentrations of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) following hepatic cryotherapy and to relate them to the duration and volume of freezing and to hepatocellular injury [30].
• In patients undergoing cryotherapy or resection with cryotherapy of additional lesions (n = 14), the volume and duration of hepatic freezing were significantly associated with postoperative serum AST and plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels at various postoperative times [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cryotherapy

• Subjects received subcutaneous injections (2 x 10(6) units/m2) of IFN-alpha n1, -beta, -gamma or placebo 3 times a week for 6 weeks and cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen [27].
• The authors report on the incidence of myopia in a large group of premature infants with birth weights of less than 1251 g followed as part of the multicenter study of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity [31].
• INTERVENTION: All patients received intravenous chemoreduction with vincristine sulfate, etoposide, and carboplatin, combined with focal treatment (cryotherapy or thermotherapy) to each retinal tumor [32].
• Women who need cryotherapy typically have had an abnormal Papanicolaou smear tha has led to colposcopy, biopsy, and a diagnosis of cervical dysplasia [33].
• Without cryotherapy, the initial level of dexamethasone in the vitreous body-sensory retina after iontophoresis was 139.3 +/- 51.5 mg/L (mean +/- SE) (n = 6) with a half-life of less than 2 hours [34].

References