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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
MeSH Review

Organ Size

 
 
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Disease relevance of Organ Size

  • Bone marrow and liver metastases were quantified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for tyrosine hydroxylase and by organ weight or counts of macroscopic tumor foci, respectively [1].
  • We found that over-expression of full-length mutant htt, but not an N-terminal fragment of mutant htt, also increased body weight and organ weight, except in the brain and testis where mutant htt appears to be toxic [2].
  • Ectopic SPRY2 expression led to postnatal death resulting from kidney failure, manifested as unilateral agenesis, lobularization of the organ or reduction in organ size because of inhibition of ureteric branching [3].
  • We examined the influence of different factors [benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic carcinoma (PCA), organ volume, weight of resected tissue, transurethral catheter] on the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in 253 patients with BPH (n = 138; 54%) and PCA (n = 115; 46%) [4].
  • Acute toxicity of individual PCBs, which were categorized as either phenobarbital (PB)- or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-type inducers, was examined in young male Wistar rats, comparing their effects on growth rate, organ weight and liver lipid content, 5 days after a single i.p. injection [5].
 

High impact information on Organ Size

  • Drosophila Tsc1 functions with Tsc2 to antagonize insulin signaling in regulating cell growth, cell proliferation, and organ size [6].
  • Autonomous control of cell and organ size by CHICO, a Drosophila homolog of vertebrate IRS1-4 [7].
  • In a genetic screen for mutations that restrict cell growth and organ size, we identified a new tumor suppressor gene, dMST, which encodes the Drosophila homolog of the mammalian Ste20 kinase family members MST1 and MST2 [8].
  • Here we show that genetic manipulation of the phosphoinositide-3-OH-kinase-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase Akt (protein kinase B) during development of the Drosophila imaginal disc affects cell and organ size in an autonomous manner [9].
  • When organ weight was considered the liver was found to contain the majority of EPO mRNA in the first three to four weeks of life, and although, in stimulated animals, the hepatic proportion declined from 85-91% on day 1, it remained approximately 33% at day 54 and was similar for the two types of stimuli [10].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Organ Size

 

Biological context of Organ Size

 

Anatomical context of Organ Size

  • The lowest dose of pentagastrin significantly increased [3H]thymidine incorporation in the oxyntic gland area of fed rats and the small intestine of fasted rats, although organ weight, protein, or deoxyribonucleic acid content did not increase [21].
  • Circulating concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 along with measures of birth size but not markers of body fat are reduced, suggesting smoking results in a reduction in organ size and function [22].
  • In contrast to the rapid response of the vasculature, the total weight of glandular epithelium and total organ weight were not normalized during the 4 days of testosterone treatment [23].
  • Supplementing GAA and E2 treatments with 14-cm testosterone implants had a counteracting effect on organ weight losses: seminal vesicles recovered above, ventral prostate within and epididymides below control values, whereas the testes did not respond [24].
  • Cysteamine was administered to mice to evaluate its effects upon immune organ size and mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses in relation to corresponding effects on the immunomodulatory hormones, prolactin and corticosterone [25].
 

Associations of Organ Size with chemical compounds

 

Gene context of Organ Size

  • We show that PTEN is required for the realisation of normal cerebellar architecture, for regulation of cell and organ size, and for proper neuronal and glial migration [31].
  • Cdk4 null mice display also reduced body and organ size [32].
  • We will summarize the organomegaly phenotypes associated with Pten tissue-specific deletion and discuss how PTEN controls organ size, a fundamental aspect of development [33].
  • To test the hypothesis that sIGF2R modulates organ size in vivo, we generated transgenic mice expressing a mouse Igf2r complementary DNA in which the transmembrane domain sequence was deleted [34].
  • Organ weight and serum/urine chemistries were similar in wild-type and AQP8-null mice, except for increased testicular weight in the null mice (4.8 +/- 0.7 vs. 7.3 +/- 0.3 mg/g body wt) [35].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Organ Size

References

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  2. Body weight is modulated by levels of full-length Huntingtin. Van Raamsdonk, J.M., Gibson, W.T., Pearson, J., Murphy, Z., Lu, G., Leavitt, B.R., Hayden, M.R. Hum. Mol. Genet. (2006) [Pubmed]
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  4. Influence of prostatic disease and prostatic manipulations on the concentration of prostate-specific antigen. Walz, P.H., Schoppmann, T., Büscher, C., Ennen, J., Schriewer, H. Eur. Urol. (1992) [Pubmed]
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  6. Drosophila Tsc1 functions with Tsc2 to antagonize insulin signaling in regulating cell growth, cell proliferation, and organ size. Potter, C.J., Huang, H., Xu, T. Cell (2001) [Pubmed]
  7. Autonomous control of cell and organ size by CHICO, a Drosophila homolog of vertebrate IRS1-4. Böhni, R., Riesgo-Escovar, J., Oldham, S., Brogiolo, W., Stocker, H., Andruss, B.F., Beckingham, K., Hafen, E. Cell (1999) [Pubmed]
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  13. Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 4: Subchronic inhalation toxicology. Terpstra, P.M., Teredesai, A., Vanscheeuwijck, P.M., Verbeeck, J., Schepers, G., Radtke, F., Kuhl, P., Gomm, W., Anskeit, E., Patskan, G. Journal of applied toxicology : JAT. (2003) [Pubmed]
  14. Effect of sustained estradiol release in the intact male rat: correlation of estradiol serum levels with actions on body weight, serum testosterone, and peripheral androgen-dependent tissues. Brewster, M.E., Anderson, W.R., Pop, E. Physiol. Behav. (1997) [Pubmed]
  15. Influence of feeding situation on stomach ulcers and organ weights in rats in the activity-stress ulcer paradigm. Tsuda, A., Tanaka, M., Nishikawa, T., Iimori, K., Hoaki, Y., Ida, Y., Nakagawa, R., Kohno, Y., Nagasaki, N. Physiol. Behav. (1982) [Pubmed]
  16. HEN1 functions pleiotropically in Arabidopsis development and acts in C function in the flower. Chen, X., Liu, J., Cheng, Y., Jia, D. Development (2002) [Pubmed]
  17. Lachesin is a component of a septate junction-based mechanism that controls tube size and epithelial integrity in the Drosophila tracheal system. Llimargas, M., Strigini, M., Katidou, M., Karagogeos, D., Casanova, J. Development (2004) [Pubmed]
  18. Regulation of imaginal disc cell size, cell number and organ size by Drosophila class I(A) phosphoinositide 3-kinase and its adaptor. Weinkove, D., Neufeld, T.P., Twardzik, T., Waterfield, M.D., Leevers, S.J. Curr. Biol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  19. Circadian rhythms of serum estradiol and corticosterone and related organ weight changes in the prepubertal female rat. Nelson, M.L., Cullin, A.M., Hoffmann, J.C. Biol. Reprod. (1978) [Pubmed]
  20. Effects of danazol on DNA synthesis in rat prostate. Sakamoto, S., Mori, T., Sawaki, K., Sassa, S., Suzuki, S., Sugiura, Y., Kudo, H., Kasahara, N., Nagasawa, H. Prostate (1993) [Pubmed]
  21. Trophic effects of pentagastrin on gastrointestinal tract in fed and fasted rats. Solomon, T.E. Gastroenterology (1986) [Pubmed]
  22. The influence of cigarette smoking on antenatal growth, birth size, and the insulin-like growth factor axis. Pringle, P.J., Geary, M.P., Rodeck, C.H., Kingdom, J.C., Kayamba-Kay's, S., Hindmarsh, P.C. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (2005) [Pubmed]
  23. Testosterone stimulates angiogenesis and vascular regrowth in the ventral prostate in castrated adult rats. Franck-Lissbrant, I., Häggström, S., Damber, J.E., Bergh, A. Endocrinology (1998) [Pubmed]
  24. Comparison of the effects of gossypol, estradiol-17 beta and testosterone compensation on male rat reproductive organs. Oko, R., Hrudka, F. Biol. Reprod. (1984) [Pubmed]
  25. Cysteamine produces dose-related bidirectional immunomodulatory effects in mice. Bryant, H.U., Holaday, J.W., Bernton, E.W. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1989) [Pubmed]
  26. Increased potato tuber size resulting from apoplastic expression of a yeast invertase. Sonnewald, U., Hajirezaei, M.R., Kossmann, J., Heyer, A., Trethewey, R.N., Willmitzer, L. Nat. Biotechnol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  27. Intestinal and hepatic cholesterogenesis in hypercholesterolemic dyslipidemia of experimental diabetes in dogs. Kwong, L.K., Feingold, K.R., Peric-Golia, L., Le, T., Karkas, J.D., Alberts, A.W., Wilson, D.E. Diabetes (1991) [Pubmed]
  28. The combination of twice daily luteinizing hormone-releasing factor administration and renal pituitary homografts restores normal reproductive organ size in male hamsters with pineal-mediated gonadal atrophy. Chen, H.J., Reiter, R.J. Endocrinology (1980) [Pubmed]
  29. Local and systemic reduction by topical finasteride or flutamide of hamster flank organ size and enzyme activity. Chen, C., Puy, L.A., Simard, J., Li, X., Singh, S.M., Labrie, F. J. Invest. Dermatol. (1995) [Pubmed]
  30. Enhanced antimycobacterial response to recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing latency-associated peptide. Marshall, B.G., Wangoo, A., O'Gaora, P., Cook, H.T., Shaw, R.J., Young, D.B. Infect. Immun. (2001) [Pubmed]
  31. PTEN is essential for cell migration but not for fate determination and tumourigenesis in the cerebellum. Marino, S., Krimpenfort, P., Leung, C., van der Korput, H.A., Trapman, J., Camenisch, I., Berns, A., Brandner, S. Development (2002) [Pubmed]
  32. Genetic rescue of Cdk4 null mice restores pancreatic beta-cell proliferation but not homeostatic cell number. Martín, J., Hunt, S.L., Dubus, P., Sotillo, R., Néhmé-Pélluard, F., Magnuson, M.A., Parlow, A.F., Malumbres, M., Ortega, S., Barbacid, M. Oncogene (2003) [Pubmed]
  33. PTENless means more. Stiles, B., Groszer, M., Wang, S., Jiao, J., Wu, H. Dev. Biol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  34. Local reduction of organ size in transgenic mice expressing a soluble insulin-like growth factor II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor. Zaina, S., Newton, R.V., Paul, M.R., Graham, C.F. Endocrinology (1998) [Pubmed]
  35. Phenotype analysis of aquaporin-8 null mice. Yang, B., Song, Y., Zhao, D., Verkman, A.S. Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  36. Protecting the myocardium: a role for the beta2 adrenergic receptor in the heart. Patterson, A.J., Zhu, W., Chow, A., Agrawal, R., Kosek, J., Xiao, R.P., Kobilka, B. Crit. Care Med. (2004) [Pubmed]
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