Disease relevance of Intermittent Claudication

• Placebo-controlled comparison of captopril, atenolol, labetalol, and pindolol in hypertension complicated by intermittent claudication [1].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty patients with stenosis or occlusion, symptoms of intermittent claudication, and maximum walking distance of > or = 30 and < or = 300 m on a standard treadmill test were randomized to placebo or one of three dosage regimens of AS-013 [2].
• Effects of simvastatin on walking performance and symptoms of intermittent claudication in hypercholesterolemic patients with peripheral vascular disease [3].
• We hypothesised increased CECs in patients with ischaemic rest pain (IRP) of the lower limb due to peripheral atherosclerosis and comparable to that seen in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), when compared to patients with intermittent claudication (IC) or healthy controls that would correlate with vWf and TF [4].
• Administrations of ACE inhibitors and Ang II AT1 antagonists may therefore be adequate and beneficial therapies under ischemic conditions, such as in the treatment of hypertension complicated by intermittent claudication, for which treatment must not increase ischemia [5].

Psychiatry related information on Intermittent Claudication

• BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the efficacy of physical training, smoking cessation, and pharmacological therapy (pentoxifylline or nafronyl oxalate) in the treatment of patients with intermittent claudication at Fontaine stage II of disease [6].
• Prevalence of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and intermittent claudication, alcohol consumption, fibrinogen, total serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, marital status, systolic and diastolic blood pressure had no independent association [7].
• In conclusion, free-living daily physical activity was 42% to 45% lower in PAOD patients with intermittent claudication than in apparently healthy subjects of similar age [8].
• Results from clinical trials demonstrate that standardized leaf extracts of Ginkgo biloba (SGB extract) reduce the symptoms of age-associated memory impairment and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, and may be of benefit in treating intermittent claudication [9].

High impact information on Intermittent Claudication

• Exacerbation of intermittent claudication by propranolol [10].
• The US experience with cilostazol in treating intermittent claudication [11].
• Therapeutic angiogenesis with recombinant fibroblast growth factor-2 for intermittent claudication (the TRAFFIC study): a randomised trial [12].
• Ketanserin in intermittent claudication [13].
• Ketanserin, a selective serotonin (5-HT) antagonist at 5-HT2 receptors, was investigated in a 3-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in twenty patients with intermittent claudication [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Intermittent Claudication

• Pentoxifylline and intermittent claudication [15].
• Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the efficacy and safety of AS-013, a prostaglandin E1 prodrug, in patients with intermittent claudication [2].
• CONCLUSIONS: Verapamil showed significant clinical benefits in patients with moderate intermittent claudication in this short-term study [16].
• Carnitine-related alterations in patients with intermittent claudication: indication for a focused carnitine therapy [17].
• METHODS: Eighty-six patients with peripheral arterial disease (Fontaine stage II), intermittent claudication, and total cholesterol levels >220 mg/dL were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study [3].

Biological context of Intermittent Claudication

• OBJECTIVES: This phase I study was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of intra-arterial basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (PVD) and intermittent claudication [18].
• The independent effects of height, adiposity, plasma cholesterol, glucose intolerance, reported angina and intermittent claudication were not significant [19].
• CONCLUSION: Raised levels of PAI-1, tPA, D-dimer and estimated insulin resistance were present in the healthy male first-degree relatives of men with intermittent claudication [20].
• To assess the potential role of VEGF in the improvement in exercise tolerance, we investigated plasma levels of VEGF in 50 patients with intermittent claudication who were allocated randomly to groups receiving cilostazol (n=17), pentoxifylline (n=17) or placebo (n=16) [21].
• Clinical pharmacology of pentoxifylline with special reference to its hemorrheologic effect for the treatment of intermittent claudication [22].

Anatomical context of Intermittent Claudication

• In order to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of the cauda equina syndrome, secondary to spinal canal stenosis, we evaluated walking dysfunction triggered by forced exercise and activation of ERK in the dorsal horn using a rat model of neuropathic intermittent claudication [23].
• ERK activation in the dorsal horn neurons may be involved in the transient pain in the neuropathic intermittent claudication model [23].
• OBJECTIVE: Decreased oxygen supply is generally accepted as the primary cause of muscle dysfunction in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and intermittent claudication, although reported morphologic changes in the mitochondria of claudicating muscle suggest that impaired energy utilization may also play a role [24].
• Secondary prevention trials have demonstrated in persons with coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypercholesterolemia that statin drugs reduced in older persons all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, coronary events, coronary revascularization, stroke, and intermittent claudication [25].
• Thromboxane and neutrophil changes following intermittent claudication suggest ischaemia-reperfusion injury [26].

Gene context of Intermittent Claudication

• Exercise increases soluble adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in patients with intermittent claudication [27].
• No association was found between MTHFR genotype and intermittent claudication [28].
• CONCLUSION: We demonstrate higher levels of circulating MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in patients with intermittent claudication and critical ischaemia [29].
• Basic fibroblast growth factor in patients with intermittent claudication: results of a phase I trial [18].
• RESULTS: At baseline, a low MMSE score was associated with age, history of stroke, apolipoprotein E allele epsilon4 (APOE4), and intermittent claudication [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Intermittent Claudication

• Treatment of intermittent claudication with physical training, smoking cessation, pentoxifylline, or nafronyl: a meta-analysis [6].
• OBJECTIVES: The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose titration, multicenter trial was to assess the efficacy and safety of propionyl-carnitine in intermittent claudication [31].
• In addition to pentoxifylline and cilostazol, clinical trials indicate many other drugs may relieve the symptoms of intermittent claudication [32].
• A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to assess the immediate effect of sublingual glyceryl trinitrate on the ankle brachial pressure index, claudication, and maximum walking distance of patients with intermittent claudication [33].
• The aim of this study was to determine whether combination of aspirin and clopidogrel affects thrombin-antithrombin III and D-dimer in patients with intermittent claudication undergoing angioplasty, compared with aspirin alone [34].

References