Disease relevance of Auramine O

• Tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Ziehl-Neelsen, auramine O, and Kinyoun stains and were examined for granuloma formation and acid-fast bacilli [1].
• Intracellular oxidation of the free radical-sensitive reporter compound dichlorofluorescin diacetate was increased in yeast cultures exposed to benzene, urethane and auramine O; again, the Salmonella mutagens had no effect on oxidation of the dye [2].
• The toxicity and recombinagenicity of thiourea and auramine O was reduced in the presence of the free radical scavenger N-acetyl cysteine [2].
• We describe the simple adaptation of a standard fluorescent microscope for illumination using a 'Royal Blue' Luxeon light emitting diode (LED) and demonstrate that this form of illumination is suitable for the detection of auramine O stained Mycobacterium spp [3].
• Three additional techniques (Ziehl-Neelsen, auramine O/rhodamine and immunostaining using polyclonal anti-Mycobacterium bovis) to hematoxylin-eosin histopathology were evaluated for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis on 39 samples from several slaughterhouses [4].

High impact information on Auramine O

• Here, neutrophils in autologous plasma were incubated (at 0 and 37 degrees C) with M. avium labeled with Auramine O, a potent fluorochrome [5].
• Triplet-singlet energy transfer in the complex of auramine O with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase [6].
• Titrations of this fluorescence enhancement indicated that actin monomer had two auramine O binding sites, each with a dissociation constant of approx. 20 microM [7].
• The routine use of cytocentrifugation for concentrating sputum specimens increases the cost of smear preparation but does not increase detection of AFB by auramine O staining; however, it would be useful in handling emergent requests for AFB smears [8].
• Reticulocytes are detected as fluorescent cells stained with a basic dye, auramine O, under argon-laser light [9].

Biological context of Auramine O

• Somatic nuclei, stained with auramin O and examined by fluorescent microscopy, appear to be randomly distributed, divide asynchronously, and assume a nonclassical or "two-track" configuration during mitotic metaphase [10].
• The lowest dose causing DNA damage was determined for the 12 active chemicals (1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,4-dioxane, methylene chloride, auramine O, Michler's ketone, selenium sulfide, 1,3-dichloropropene, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, N-nitroso-piperidine and butylated hydroxytoluene) [11].
• The remaining uptake activity after heat treatment paralleled the membrane potential generating ability, as measured by auramine O fluorescence response to the respiration substrate, and was not dependent on the growth temperature [12].
• Catalytic influence of heparin on auramine O hydrolysis: a basis for differentiating heparin from other glycosaminoglycans based on its properties as a polyelectrolyte [13].
• Red cell size and non-specific auramine-O binding were shown to be factors affecting mature red cell autofluorescence [14].

Anatomical context of Auramine O

• Moreover, IFA detection was comparable in sensitivity to auramine O staining with samples of high oocyst concentration and somewhat more sensitive than auramine O with samples containing relatively few oocysts [15].
• Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts were also confirmed by fluorescent microscopic examination of feces stained auramine O [16].
• We have found that commercial auramine O is positive in inducing DNA damage in vivo in liver, kidney, and bone marrow cells [17].
• The action of auramine on the growth of some mycobacterial strains in 7H12 Middlebrook liquid medium as well as the interaction between auramine and calf thymus DNA were investigated [18].
• DNA damage induced by auramine O in liver, kidney, and bone marrow of rats and mice, and in a human cell line (alkaline elution assay and SCE induction) [17].

Associations of Auramine O with other chemical compounds

• A cationic fluorescent dye, auramine O (AO), exhibited an intense increase in fluorescence after binding to human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AG) [19].
• 2,2'-Bipyridine, which chelates the active-site zinc ion in the native enzyme, is bound rather loosely to the same site as aldehydes, auramine O and ethylberberine in the case of the zinc-depleted enzyme [20].
• 4. The results, combined with previously reported data for decanoate binding to the enzyme X NAD+ complex, provide clear evidence that carboxylates (in contrast to auramine O) are bound at the active-site zinc ion of the enzyme in a process by the ionization state of zinc-bound water [21].
• The zinc-deficient enzyme binds the fluorescence probes for the enzyme substrate pocket (auramine O, 13-ethylberberine, chlorprothixene and acridine orange) more tightly than the native enzyme, whereas 1-anilinonaphthalene 8-sulphonic acid is bound with comparable affinity [20].
• The use of auramine O to study ligand binding and subunit cooperativity of lactate dehydrogenase [22].

Gene context of Auramine O

• Auramine O as a conformational probe to study glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [23].
• The tetrameric molecule of pig skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase binds a cationic fluorescent probe, auramine O, at four equal non-interacting sites with a dissociation constant of (1.25 +/- 0.2) X 10(-4) M [22].
• We attempted to develop a fluorescent probe superior to conventional ones (8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate and auramine O) for use in the study of drug-binding sites on alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) [24].
• Neonatal diarrhea was an important cause of morbidity and mortality in a hand-rearing facility for exotic ruminants at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Studies undertaken to determine the causes of the problem revealed that oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp. were demonstrable in auramine O stained fecal smears from 52 of 183 (28.4%) animals examined [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Auramine O

• Results obtained correlate well with a fluorescent assay involving the dye Auramine O (r = 0.953) and with radial immunodiffusion (r = 0.921) [26].
• Using the fluorochrome auramine-O, direct microscopic counts of log phase cells of Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare, and M. scrofulaceum (MAIS) group showed excellent correlations with viable spread-plate counts [27].
• The purpose of this communication is to re-emphasize the possibility of infection by group III Mycobacterium complex in the differential diagnosis of children with cervical lymphadenitis and to describe the important use of Auramine-O fluorescent stain in the early detection of this disease [28].
• Maturation of reticulocytes was studied with 4 different systems: new methylene blue-stained smears and flow cytometry after auramine O, oxazine 750, or thiazole orange staining [29].
• After treatment with thioflavine T, auramine O and G, curcumin, bis-aminophenyl-oxadiazol, berenil and distamycin A, a bright DNA-dependent fluorescence reaction was found in the chromatin of interphase nuclei, meiotic and polytene chromosomes, spermatozoa heads and kinetoplasts of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes [30].

References