Disease relevance of Saffan

• 1. In 3-day-old and 3-week-old spontaneously breathing piglets anaesthetized with Saffan, we have studied ventilatory and cardiovascular responses evoked by 5 min periods of hypoxia (breathing 10 and 6% O2) [1].
• In rats anaesthetised with Saffan (Glaxovet), inhibition of the tail flick reflex evoked by electrical stimulation in the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) was accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, tachycardia, vasodilatation in hind limb muscle, an increase in respiration, pupillodilatation and widening of the palpebral fissure [2].
• 4. Under light Saffan anaesthesia, both c.b. stimulation and N2 evoked the autonomic components of the alerting stage of the defence response which includes tachycardia and vasodilatation in hindlimb muscle, which are not secondary to hyperventilation, with renal and mesenteric vasoconstriction, pupillary dilatation and exophthalmus [3].
• 1. The effect of Saffan (alphaxalone and alphadolone acetate) and Nembutal (pentobarbitone) anaesthesia on gastric acid secretion stimulated by I.V. bolus injections of pentagastrin was investigated in the gastric fistula cat [4].
• The veterinary product Saffan, which contains alphaxalone and alphadalone, also caused myoclonic jerks at 2 mg kg-1 i.v., and a loss of righting reflex at doses of 4 mg kg-1 and above [5].

Psychiatry related information on Saffan

• Intravenous infusion of the anesthetic agent, Saffan, at the minimal dose required to abolish locomotor activity caused slight but significant elevations of heart rate and mesenteric vascular resistance [6].

High impact information on Saffan

• This present study looks at the interaction of an intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of the steroid anaesthetic combination Saffan (alphaxalone 9 mg/ml, alphadolone acetate 3 mg/ml) with GABA(A) receptors in the spinal cord [7].
• NPY and LHRH concentrations in aliquots of the same perfusate sample from the S-ME and circulating LH levels were concurrently measured in 8 monkeys sedated with Saffan [8].
• It is proposed that light Saffan anaesthesia allows chemoreceptor stimulation to activate the defence areas and that under such conditions the primary response to c.b. stimulation and direct effects of hypoxia may be overridden [3].
• In contrast, CRF injection in awake rats did decrease LH concentrations in all experimental conditions, suggesting that in OVX rats, the anesthetic (Saffan) used during portal blood collection affected CRF action on LH secretion [9].
• The H-reflex suppression profiles recorded under Etomidate, Saffan, and Nembutal anesthesia were less sensitive to the stimulation rate, with little reduction until intervals were 200 ms or less [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Saffan

• 1. In rats anaesthetized with Saffan we have studied the effects of the adenosine receptor antagonists, theophylline and 8-phenyltheophylline, upon the respiratory and cardiovascular responses evoked by 5 min periods of systemic hypoxia [11].
• Since hypothermia causes shivering which could have influenced the ERSNA recording, Inactin anaesthetized rats were treated with pethidine or rats were anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium or Saffan to eliminate cold-induced shivering [12].
• Administration of Saffan evoked more hyperglycemia than a mixture with Xylazine, or Xylazine alone [13].

Biological context of Saffan

• This indicates that the abolition of spontaneous membrane potential oscillations was not a direct effect on the coupling between SPNs, but was a result of the abolition of spontaneous activity by Saffan [14].
• In the presence of Saffan the amplitude and duration of the action potential after-hyperpolarization were reduced and larger depolarizations were required in order to evoke trains of action potentials [14].
• Patterns of c-fos gene expression were compared between Saffan-anesthetized experimental animals and age-matched normotensive controls administered vehicle [15].
• METHODS: Immature pigs anesthetized with Saffan were bled 30% of blood volume with or without concomitant somatic afferent (brachial) nerve stimulation (to mimic injury) [16].
• The immunosuppressive effects on cell-mediated immunity of alfathesin, when used as the sole agent for short-term anaesthesia, were investigated in ten women undergoing pregnancy termination [17].

Anatomical context of Saffan

• 1. In cats anaesthetized with Saffan, which does not block afferent activation of the brain stem defence areas, we have analysed the cardiovascular changes induced by 3 min periods of graded systemic hypoxia (fraction of O2 in inspirate, Fi,O2, 0.15, 0.12, 0.08, 0.06) [18].
• The two steroid components of Alfathesin, alfaxolone and alfadolone acetate, have been tested for porphyrin-inducing activity in chick embryo liver cell culture and for hepatic ALA-synthetase-inducing activity in the 17-day-old chick embryo [19].
• Under alfathesin, baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes were double those found with chloralose-urethane [20].
• In 5-19-day-old kittens anesthetized with Saffan, the discharges of de-efferented triceps surae muscle receptors were recorded from afferent fibers in dorsal root filaments [21].
• In the present investigation it was shown that electrical or chemical (D,L-homocysteic acid, DLH) stimulation in a defined area of the medial prefrontal cortex inhibits cardiovascular components of the defence reaction elicited by stimulation in the basal nucleus of the amygdala or in the hypothalamus in rats anaesthetized by Saffan [22].

Associations of Saffan with other chemical compounds

• The phrenic high frequency oscillation (HFO) was present in decerebrate, unanesthetized piglets and in piglets anesthetized with Saffan, albeit reduced at 10 times recording level, but was absent under pentobarbital [23].
• Spontaneous efferent sympathetic activity (cervical sympathetic and splanchnic nerves) was recorded simultaneously with efferent phrenic discharge, with aortic pressure, and with the electrocardiogram in less than 1- to 51-day-old neonatal swine anesthetized with Saffan (alfaxalone) [24].
• Etomidate was compared with alfathesin for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in a double-blind fashion in 48 fit patients undergoing minor gynaecological operations as outpatients [25].
• Thiopentone and Alfathesin produced a significant dose dependent depression in chemiluminescence [26].
• In Saffan-anesthetized rats, injection of lidocaine (LIDO, 4%) in dorsomedial PAG, but not in ventromedial PAG, significantly attenuated the decrease in hindquarter resistance (HQR) produced by electrical stimulation of the AV3V region, and the poststimulatory increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HQR [27].

Gene context of Saffan

• In nine artificially ventilated rats anaesthetized with Saffan, systemic hypoxia induced a tachycardia followed by a bradycardia, a fall in systemic arterial pressure and an increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PPA) indicating pulmonary vasoconstriction [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Saffan

• Full recovery from anaesthesia induced by Saffan 2 ml/kg i.p., as assessed by the rotarod test, occurred after 28.78 +/- 0.86 min [7].
• Alfathesin for anaesthetic induction at caesarean section [29].
• It is our opinion that general anaesthesia using enflurane and Alfathesin will increase the safety of ambulatory surgery [30].
• Cortical EEG and multiunit activity (MUA) of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), area hypothalami anterior (AH) and the nucleus amygdalae basalis (AMY) were studied before and after different doses of alphadione (Althesin) and hexobarbitone (Evipan-Natrium) given to cats with chronically implanted electrodes [31].
• The safety and efficacy of prolonged infusion of alphaxalone/alphadolone (Alfathesin: Glaxo) was assessed in 20 critically ill patients needing sedation during intermittent positive pressure ventilation in a general intensive care unit [32].

References