Disease relevance of CETYLPYRIDINIUM

• Labelled materials migrate slowly on cellulose acetate, bind to several kinds of anion exchangers and elute at low ionic strength, are precipitated by cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC) when mixed with carrier compounds, and are not degraded by Clostridium neuraminidase or Streptomyces, leech, and bovine testicular hyaluronidases [1].
• Globular material of intermediate electron density was found in the basement membrane of the retina and on collagen fibrils in the vitreous cortex with CPC fixation and disappeared after Streptomyces hyaluronidase digestion [2].
• Cetyl-pyridinium chloride is useful for isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputa subjected to long-term storage [3].
• Evaluation of an oligomer or an oligomer plus cetyl pyridinium chloride against plaque, stain, calculus, and gingivitis [4].
• The CPC reduced Salmonella by 1.5 to 1.9 log10 [5].

High impact information on CETYLPYRIDINIUM

• Proteoglycans radiolabeled with [35S]sulfate and [3H]serine were isolated from culture media and smooth muscle cells and purified following precipitation with 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride and chromatography [6].
• When the reaction mixture of GAGs and EGF was treated with 1% cetylpyridinium chloride, the angiogenic activity was identified with the supernatant [7].
• Inorganic pyrophosphatase (pyrophosphate phosphohydrolase; EC 3.6.1.1) was purified from pig scapula cartilage by fractionation with N-cetylpyridinium chloride and (NH4)2SO4, followed by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography [8].
• Most embryos were preserved with fixative containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) to facilitate the identification of neural crest cells, which stain darkly after exposure to CPC during fixation [9].
• In this work arsenic removal by micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) was investigated using cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in ceramic membrane apparatus [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of CETYLPYRIDINIUM

• Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) treatment on poultry skin to reduce attached Salmonella [11].
• Atypical mycobacteria which were grown from 46.8% of NaOH/oxalic acid treated specimens were not obtained from any of the HPC-treated samples [12].

Biological context of CETYLPYRIDINIUM

• The fraction of dead cell number in the MTT assay or the Draize irritation score (in vitro and in vivo irritation data, respectively) was treated as a function of CPC concentration in the viable skin of LSE-high and guinea pig [13].
• RESULTS: CPC concentration showing 50% irritation (IC50) was similar for the MTT assay (18.9%) and Draize test (12.3%), and a good relationship (r = 0.981) was observed between the fraction of dead cell number and the Draize score [13].
• Heparin compounded in the CPC coating eluted into the blood and caused mild transient whole-body heparinization during rewarming from 20 degrees to 25 degrees C., as evidenced by prolongation of the thrombin time [14].
• CPC decontamination should not be applied to pasteurized milk in future studies [15].
• The obtained data on the kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption of N-cetylpyridinium chloride onto the polyester, standard free energy, enthalpy, and entropy related to the process of adsorption are in accordance with our hypothesis on the mechanisms of adsorption [16].

Anatomical context of CETYLPYRIDINIUM

• The incorporation of [35S]sulfate and [3H] glucosamine into cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC) precipitable glycosaminoglycans was determined in B16-F10 cultured cells sorted with respect to DNA content [17].
• GalAT assay reaction products made using radish (Raphanus sativus) microsomal membranes or solubilized proteins from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun) and Arabidopsis thaliana (cv. Columbia) were spotted onto Whatman 3MM paper treated with 2.5% (w/v) CPC [18].
• The effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on the cell surface hydrophobicity and adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells in vitro [19].
• Anisotropic action of cetyl pyridinium chloride on rat heart mitochondria [20].
• Experimentally, we confirmed this effect of CPC by determining a pronounced decrease in GAG leakage into the fixative from CPC treated human umbilical cord [21].

Associations of CETYLPYRIDINIUM with other chemical compounds

• The exine of birch pollen was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy in the native state and after fixation in different aqueous fixatives: glutaraldehyde + OsO4; glutaraldehyde + cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) + OsO4; glutaraldehyde + cuprolinic blue (CB); and periodate + lysine + paraformaldehyde (PLP) [22].
• In predentin and dentin, the number and/or size of electron-dense aggregates resulting from CPC and MGA fixation, were enhanced in the suramin-injected rats [23].
• At high pH values, the anionic species of nalidixic acid exhibited enhanced adsorption in the presence of the cationic surfactant, CPC [24].
• The modifications made for ISH include the presence of CaCl2 and BaCl2 in the fixation and washing steps and exclusion of cetyl pyridinium chloride [25].
• The exoH, but not the exoL mutant, synthesized an EPS that could be precipitated by cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC) and also by ethanol [26].

Gene context of CETYLPYRIDINIUM

• Specific RHAMM variants of 85- and 58-kDa size were shown to bind avidly to HA following CPC precipitations [27].
• Incorporation of 35S-sulfate and 3H-glucosamine into cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC)-precipitable material was characterized before and after chondroitinase or nitrous acid treatment by Sephadex G50 chromatography [28].
• On the contrary, the TRN and CPC sprays showed little or no plaque inhibitory effects [29].
• METHODS: Inhibitory effects against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, or Actinomyces naeslundii were examined by an agar-disc diffusion method using the Clearfil Protect Bond primer containing 5% MDPB and an acidic adhesion-promoting monomer MDP, the primer only with MDP, and the primer with 1% cetylpyridinium chloride [30].
• Given the molecular structure of N-cetylpyridinium chloride (N-CP-Cl), which contains a pyridinium group, positively charged, it is feasible that such increse in |zeta| is due to the electrostatic attraction between the carboxyl groups of polyester, ionized at pH 8.5, and the pyridinium group of the surfactant [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CETYLPYRIDINIUM

• When the bile salt is present, the separation mechanism changes from capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) to a mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC)-CZE, with predominant MEKC interactions, which lead to an excellent resolution of all the solutes, including the C12-C18 homologues of BKC and CPC [31].
• This experiment evaluated and compared cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) precipitation, potassium acetate (KAc) precipitation, rapid filtration, modified dye-binding (AB) technique to molecular weight exclusion chromatography (PD-10) as techniques to quantitate chondrocyte proteoglycan metabolism [32].
• On the other hand, the numbers of S. mutans cells in saliva and plaque in the control group increased immediately after the CPC treatment and surpassed the baseline level 42 and 28 days, respectively, after the CPC treatment [33].
• These findings suggest that the CPC/phenolic rinse would seem worthy of further evaluation for adjunctive benefits to oral hygiene [34].
• The results support the previous findings that a CPC/essential oil rinse could be a useful adjunct to oral hygiene when used prior to normal toothbrushing [35].

References